Plasticized Polymer Blend Electrolyte Based on Chitosan for Energy Storage Application: Structural, Circuit Modeling, Morphological and Electrochemical Properties

Abstract

Chitosan (CS)-dextran (DN) biopolymer electrolytes doped with ammonium iodide (NH4I) and plasticized with glycerol (GL), then dispersed with Zn(II)-metal complex were fabricated for energy device application. The CS:DN:NH4I:Zn(II)-complex was plasticized with various amounts of GL and the impact of used metal complex and GL on the properties of the formed electrolyte were investigated.The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements have shown that the highest conductivity for the plasticized system was 3.44 × 10−4 S/cm. From the x-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements, the plasticized electrolyte with minimum degree of crystallinity has shown the maximum conductivity. The effect of (GL) plasticizer on the film morphology was studied using FESEM. It has been confirmed via transference number analysis (TNM) that the transport mechanism in the prepared electrolyte is predominantly ionic in nature with a high transference number of ion (ti)of 0.983. From a linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) study, the electrolyte was found to be electrochemically constant as the voltage sweeps linearly up to 1.25 V. The cyclic voltammetry (CV) curve covered most of the area of the current–potential plot with no redox peaks and the sweep rate was found to be affecting the capacitance. The electric double-layer capacitor (EDLC) has shown a great performance of specific capacitance (108.3 F/g), ESR(47.8 ohm), energy density (12.2 W/kg) and power density (1743.4 W/kg) for complete 100 cycles at a current density of 0.5 mA cm−2.

Properties of the PVA-VAVTD KOH Blend as a Gel Polymer Electrolyte for Zinc Batteries

“…On the other hand, the GPEs applied in energy storage devices need to have high ionic conductivities, good mechanical properties, and excellent electrochemical stability at room temperature. Metal-air batteries consist of a metal as a negative electrode coupled to an air-breathing positive one, and are considered as alternatives to the conventional Li-ion batteries used nowadays [ 14 , 15 ] because metal-air batteries provide higher energy density thanks to the oxygen involved in the reaction being directly drawn from the surrounding air—it is not stored in the battery in advance [ 15 , 16 ]. Notably, alkaline zinc-air batteries, among metal-air batteries, hold enough merit to be highlighted.…”

Chitosan Functionalization: Covalent and Non-Covalent Interactions and Their Characterization

“…It possesses a similar biocompatibility and low toxicity to CS and undergoes gelation upon addition of calcium ions as adjuvant (a phenomenon sometimes referred to as cross-linking gelation). Small adjuvants frequently used in CS–polymer systems are metal ions, which bring an antibacterial effect and improve the mechanical and thermal properties of the final product [ 117 , 118 ]. As this review focuses on the functionalization of CS, we do not report adjuvants that are application-specific such as delivered drugs, targeted cells, or detected molecules.…”

“…XRD provides information on the crystalline structure of CS derivatives. Most publications compare the diffraction of native CS and CS composites [ 32 , 103 , 118 ], as chemical modification of the CS backbone disrupts its crystalline structure: it leads to decreased diffraction peaks [ 31 , 43 ]. As a result, it is often hypothesized that the change of crystallinity might be one of the main reasons for the enhanced solubility of functionalized systems over native CS, due to the destruction of inter- and intramolecular CS hydrogen bonds [ 32 ].…”

Multifunction Web-like Polymeric Network Bacterial Cellulose Derived from SCOBY as Both Electrodes and Electrolytes for Pliable and Low-Cost Supercapacitor

“…Ions undergo an adsorption/desorption process on the surface of carbon electrodes; thus, bending the EDLC might affect their performance [ 11 ]. The unique characteristics of EDLCs are a long life cycle, rapid charging/discharging process, high power density, and a straightforward and safe fabrication method [ 12 ]. In EDLC devices, many types of carbon have been incorporated as electrode materials, for instance, graphite [ 13 ], aerogel [ 14 ], carbon nanofibers [ 15 ], carbon nanotube [ 16 ], and activated carbon [ 17 ].…”