Plasticizing Effect of Choline Chloride/Urea Eutectic-Based Ionic Liquid on Physicochemical Properties of Agarose Films

Abstract

Agarose films were formed with the addition of 30 to 70 wt% choline chloride/urea eutectic-based ionic liquid (ChCl/Urea). The ChCl/Urea was prepared through complexation at a 1:2 mole ratio. The films were prepared by dissolving ChCl/Urea in distilled water followed by dispersion of the agarose at 95 °C. The solution was gelled at room temperature, and the formed gel was dried in an oven overnight at 70 °C. Mechanical testing indicated that the agarose film containing 60 wt% ChCl/Urea had higher tensile extension and tensile strain at break compared to the pristine agarose film. The addition of ChCl/Urea also reduced the glass transition temperature (T g ) of agarose films. Crosssection SEM images of the agarose films showed that surface roughness disappeared with the incorporation of ChCl/Urea. FTIR spectra confirmed the presence of intermolecular hydrogen bonding between agarose and ChCl/Urea. XRD patterns demonstrated that an amorphous phase was obtained when ChCl/Urea was added. Agarose films containing more ChCl/Urea exhibited higher transparency, as measured by a UV-Vis spectrometer. In summary, the physicochemical properties of agarose films were evidently affected by the incorporation of the ChCl/Urea as a plasticizing agent.

Interaction Study of Binary Solvent Systems Ionic Liquid and Deep Eutectic Solvent with Rotenone

“…The stretching vibrations of alcohol in both 1, 4-butanediol and choline chloride, ChCl shifted to lower frequencies from 3340 cm -1 in ChCl (Park et al 2013) to 3294 cm -1 in 1,4-butanediol DES, which was prepared by mixing two components. It is known that the existence of the main hydrogen bonding in DES was due to the bonding between Cl -ion in ChCl and hydrogen donor molecule (Shamsuri & Daik 2012). Nevertheless, the shift to lower frequencies of hydroxyl stretching vibration could be attributed to the potential hydrogen bond formation through hydroxyl group in ChCl.…”

Cationic quaternization of cellulose with methacryloyloxy ethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride via ATRP method

“…The broad bands with strong intensity in the region of 3416 to 3400 cm -1 were assigned to the O-H bond stretching vibration of alcohol groups and absorbed water. The peak at 1638 cm -1 in the FTIR of METMA was corresponded to C=C bond stretching of alkene group, whereas the band with medium intensity around 1636 cm -1 was attributed tightly absorbed water by MCC-BiB [10]. The absence of C=C peak in the FTIR of CiB-g-METMA indicated that the METMA monomer had undergone polymerization reaction.…”

Facile preparation of agarose–chitosan hybrid materials and nanocomposite ionogels using an ionic liquid via dissolution, regeneration and sol–gel transition

“…Besides composite preparation, it is also possible to confine ILs as gel matrices by cooling biopolymer-IL solutions at ambient temperatures to form "ionogels" which are shown to be smart polymeric conducting materials that combine the chemical versatility of an ionic liquid with the morphological versatility of a biopolymer. 30,31,[38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47] Such ionogels have been found to be suitable for an array of electrochemical applications. 38,46 Therefore, in addition to the preparation of AG-CH composites, we have attempted to prepare AG-CH-IL composite ionogels using a high solvating ability IL, 3 ) with a purity of 98% mass fraction was purchased from SD FINE CHEM, Mumbai.…”