Platelet functions and haemostasis parameters in pigs: Absence of side effects of a procedure of general anaesthesia

Roussi, J; André, Patrick; Samama, M.; Pignaud, G; Bonneau, Michel; Laporte, Arlete; Drouet, Ludovic

doi:10.1016/0049-3848(96)00001-1

Cited by 55 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…One difference between the two protocols pertains to the use of increased pharmacological platelet inhibition in this protocol, as we have observed higher rates of no-reflow based on thrombus formation as the result of 90 min of hemostasis in the occluded coronary artery. This observation is in line with known hypercoagulability observed in pigs 12 . Although McCall proposed using a single, high-dose, bolus of heparin, this protocol relies on the use of heparin in multiple lower doses spread throughout the surgery to minimize thrombotic complications.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Myocardial Infarction and Functional Outcome Assessment in Pigs

Koudstaal

Lorkeers

Gho

et al. 2014

JoVE

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Introduction of newly discovered cardiovascular therapeutics into first-in-man trials depends on a strictly regulated ethical and legal roadmap. One important prerequisite is a good understanding of all safety and efficacy aspects obtained in a large animal model that validly reflect the human scenario of myocardial infarction (MI). Pigs are widely used in this regard since their cardiac size, hemodynamics, and coronary anatomy are close to that of humans. Here, we present an effective protocol for using the porcine MI model using a closed-chest coronary balloon occlusion of the left anterior descending artery (LAD), followed by reperfusion. This approach is based on 90 min of myocardial ischemia, inducing large left ventricle infarction of the anterior, septal and inferoseptal walls. Furthermore, we present protocols for various measures of outcome that provide a wide range of information on the heart, such as cardiac systolic and diastolic function, hemodynamics, coronary flow velocity, microvascular resistance, and infarct size. This protocol can be easily tailored to meet study specific requirements for the validation of novel cardioregenerative biologics at different stages (i.e. directly after the acute ischemic insult, in the subacute setting or even in the chronic MI once scar formation has been completed). This model therefore provides a useful translational tool to study MI, subsequent adverse remodeling, and the potential of novel cardioregenerative agents.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Myocardial Infarction and Functional Outcome Assessment in Pigs

Koudstaal

Lorkeers

Gho

et al. 2014

JoVE

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“…22 In contrast, miniature Yucatan pigs exhibited shorter PTs of 11.7 s. 21 The initial prolongation of PT that we detected in 2-day-old piglets may have resulted from the low concentration of fibrinogen in newborn animals (1.9 g/L). Subsequent shortening and stabilization of PT values (especially evident from week 8 onward) may argue for the maturation of hemostatic mechanisms in the animals examined.…”

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confidence: 50%

“…Noteworthy, such high levels of aPTT have not been reported elsewhere. For example, in farm pigs aged ~20 weeks, aPTTs were 19.47 24 and 28.29 s. 22 An even shorter aPTT (15.4 s) was detected in Yucatan minipigs. 21 Interestingly, our observations concerning aPTT in pigs between weeks 10 and 24 are similar to those described for human infants.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…5,6,11,13,14,17,18,22,24 Most of the data refer to hematologic and plasma biochemistry parameters in pigs, and often only single parameters of hemostasis have been addressed. Moreover, the current knowledge of swine hemostasis seems to be insufficient for the broader use of a swine model for biomedical research.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…[7][8][9]20 The swine model has been used in research into pathogenesis of human cardiovascular diseases, disseminated intravascular coagulation, shock, atherosclerosis, diabetes, metabolic disturbances, as well as hereditary disorders. 5,8,14,[20][21][22] Because the pig resembles the human in physiology and organ development, intensive studies on the possibility of using porcine organs for xenotransplantation to humans have also been performed. 8,25 Considering positive aspects of the swine model, one should not forget the issue of species differences that impose some limitations.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Age-related changes of platelet and plasma coagulation parameters in young pigs

et al. 2016

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Abstract. The literature on hemostatic processes in swine is sparse and often fragmentary; hence, we conducted our study to characterize age-related changes in selected parameters of primary and secondary hemostasis in 50 growing pigs between day 2 and week 24 of age. We measured platelet count (PLT), mean platelet volume, platelet-to-large cell ratio, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), thrombin time (TT), and fibrinogen concentration. Among primary hemostasis parameters, PLT underwent the largest fluctuation with the animals' age, ranging from 340 to 730 × 10 9 /L. However, statistical significance was only detected for 4-week-old piglets compared to 18-week-old animals. Of the secondary hemostasis parameters measured, TT and aPTT were the most changeable. Activated partial thromboplastin time displayed a characteristic biphasic course, being relatively short before week 5 of age (17.8-19.9 s) and then becoming much longer (28.7-52.5 s). The aPTTs measured in animals 6 weeks of age and older were statistically different (p < 0.01) from those in younger piglets. The 2 main components of hemostasis, platelet hemostasis and plasma coagulation, did not develop at the same time. It took much longer for secondary hemostasis to stabilize, whereas platelet parameters were stable early in life.

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Heparinized swine models for better surgical/endoscopic training

et al. 2021

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Introduction Animal experiments with large living animals are essential for the development of medical devices and the training of surgical procedures. Swine are frequently used in animal experiments due to their similar size and anatomy compared to humans. However, it is well known that swine has less local bleeding than humans. The aim of the study was to verify whether animal models with appropriate local bleeding capability could be established. Methods The activated clotting time (ACT) was measured for eight swine (piglet, 35 kg) under general anesthesia. The flexible endoscope was advanced orally, and the gastric mucosa was intentionally traumatized to bleed by biopsy forceps, and the time until spontaneous hemostasis was obtained (mucosal bleeding time). Then, heparin (50 U/kg) was administered intravenously. After 10 min, the ACT was remeasured, and the gastric mucosa was again damaged to bleed by biopsy forceps. The mucosal bleeding time was remeasured. The above measurements were repeated until the ACT exceeded 200 s. Results The median ACT values (seconds) were 83 (no heparin), 155 (50 U/kg heparin), and 204 (100 U/kg heparin), which were significantly increased. The median mucosal bleeding times (seconds) were 152 (no heparin), 283 (50 U/kg), and 423 (100 U/kg), which were significantly extended. Conclusion A bleeding animal model for surgical and endoscopic training was successfully established by bolus heparin administration.

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Platelet functions and haemostasis parameters in pigs: Absence of side effects of a procedure of general anaesthesia

Cited by 55 publications

References 17 publications

Myocardial Infarction and Functional Outcome Assessment in Pigs

Myocardial Infarction and Functional Outcome Assessment in Pigs

Age-related changes of platelet and plasma coagulation parameters in young pigs

Heparinized swine models for better surgical/endoscopic training

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