Platelets in aging and cancer—“double-edged sword”

Faria, Alessandra Valéria de Sousa; Andrade, Sheila Siqueira; Peppelenbosch, Maikel P.; Ferreira-Halder, Carmen Veríssima; Fuhler, Gwenny M.

doi:10.1007/s10555-020-09926-2

Cited by 22 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 183 publications

(222 reference statements)

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“…The previous results show that in the group of frail older people, the levels of P-selectin, fibrinogen, and thromboxane B 2 were higher than in the group of non-frail older people, which is important to consider since frailty can cause the platelets in these people to be more activated with a higher risk of thrombosis, there being a clear relationship between platelet hyper-reactivity and the occurrence of thromboembolic events, and can contribute to cardiovascular comorbidities in old age [ 110 , 111 ]. Frailty is closely related to oxidative stress, which plays an important role in the mechanism of platelet activation; therefore, some researchers point out that significant changes in oxidative stress may be one of the main causes of a high platelet response in frail patients [ 112 , 113 ].…”

Section: Blood Biomarkers Associated With Frailtymentioning

confidence: 99%

Frailty in Aging and the Search for the Optimal Biomarker: A Review

et al. 2022

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In the context of accelerated aging of the population worldwide, frailty has emerged as one of the main risk factors that can lead to loss of self-sufficiency in older people. This syndrome is defined as a reduced state of physiological reserve and functional capacity. The main diagnostic tools for frailty are based on scales that show deficits compared to their clinical application, such as the Fried frailty phenotype, among others. In this context, it is important to have one or more biomarkers with clinical applicability that can objectively and precisely determine the degree or risk of frailty in older people. The objective of this review was to analyze the biomarkers associated with frailty, classified according to the pathophysiological components of this syndrome (inflammation, coagulation, antioxidants, and liver function, among others). The evidence demonstrates that biomarkers associated with inflammation, oxidative stress, skeletal/cardiac muscle function, and platelet function represent the most promising markers of frailty due to their pathophysiological association with this syndrome. To a lesser extent but with the possibility of greater innovation, biomarkers associated with growth factors, vitamins, amino acids, and miRNAs represent alternatives as markers of this geriatric syndrome. Likewise, the incorporation of artificial intelligence represents an interesting approach to strengthening the diagnosis of frailty by biomarkers.

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Section: Blood Biomarkers Associated With Frailtymentioning

confidence: 99%

Frailty in Aging and the Search for the Optimal Biomarker: A Review

et al. 2022

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“… 9 Most tumor metastatic processes seem to be facilitated by the interaction between tumor cells and platelets. 11 , 49 Nevertheless, more detailed investigations are warranted to confirm their relationship with PTC.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preoperative platelet distribution width‐to‐platelet ratio combined with serum thyroglobulin may be objective and popularizable indicators in predicting papillary thyroid carcinoma

Jin

Ruan

et al. 2022

Clinical Laboratory Analysis

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Objectives The incidence of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) has increased more rapidly than that of any other cancer type in China. Early indicators with high sensitivity and specificity during diagnosis are required. To date, there has been a paucity of studies investigating the relationship between preoperative platelet distribution width‐to‐platelet count ratio (PPR) and PTC. This study thus aimed to assess the diagnostic value of PPR combined with serum thyroglobulin (Tg) in patients with PTC. Methods A total of 1001 participants were included in our study. 876 patients who underwent surgery for nodular goiter were divided into the PTC group or benign thyroid nodule (BTN) group according to pathology reports, and 125 healthy controls (HCs) were included. Preoperative hemogram parameters and serum Tg levels were compared among three groups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the value of PPR combined with serum Tg for diagnosing PTC. Results Platelet distribution width (PDW) and PPR levels were higher in the PTC group than in the BTN and HC groups (both p < 0.05) but did not significantly differ between the BTN and HC groups. PDW and PPR levels significantly differed in the presence/absence of lymph node metastasis, the presence/absence of capsule invasion ( p = 0.005), and TNM stages ( p < 0.001). Multivariable analyses indicated that high serum Tg levels [adjusted odds ratio (OR), 1.007; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.004–1.009; p < 0.001], high neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR,adjusted OR, 1.928; 95% CI, 1.619–2.295; p < 0.001), and high PPR (adjusted OR, 1.378; 95% CI, 1.268–1.497; p < 0.001) were independent risk factors for PTC. In ROC analysis, the areas under the curves (AUCs) of serum Tg, PDW, PPR, and NLR for predicting PTC were 0.603, 0.610, 0.706, and 0.685, respectively. PPR combined with serum Tg (PPR + Tg) had a higher diagnostic value (AUC, 0.738; sensitivity, 60%; specificity, 74.7%) compared with PDW + Tg (AUC, 0.656; sensitivity, 64.4%; specificity, 59.9%) and NLR + Tg (AUC, 0.714; sensitivity, 61.6%; specificity, 71.1%). Conclusions Preoperative PPR combined with serum Tg may be objective and popularizable indicators for effective predicting PTC.

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“…Cancer cells produce and secrete inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 1 (IL1), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which mediate interactions between cancer cells and host cells, including endothelial cells, platelets, monocytes and neutrophils [ 52 ]. Furthermore, the blood levels of intracellular granular proteins or surface-expressed proteins released from the activated host cells [ 15 ], including procoagulant platelets [ 53 ], may be used as predictors of a hypercoagulable status in patients with solid tumours [ 52 ]. For instance, activated monocytes in cancer patients produced more TF than resting monocytes [ 15 ].…”

Section: Vte Risk Factors In Ambulatory Patients With Lung Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors and Prediction Models for Venous Thromboembolism in Ambulatory Patients with Lung Cancer

et al. 2021

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Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a significant cause of mortality in patients with lung cancer. Despite the availability of a wide range of anticoagulants to help prevent thrombosis, thromboprophylaxis in ambulatory patients is a challenge due to its associated risk of haemorrhage. As a result, anticoagulation is only recommended in patients with a relatively high risk of VTE. Efforts have been made to develop predictive models for VTE risk assessment in cancer patients, but the availability of a reliable predictive model for ambulate patients with lung cancer is unclear. We have analysed the latest information on this topic, with a focus on the lung cancer-related risk factors for VTE, and risk prediction models developed and validated in this group of patients. The existing risk models, such as the Khorana score, the PROTECHT score and the CONKO score, have shown poor performance in external validations, failing to identify many high-risk individuals. Some of the newly developed and updated models may be promising, but their further validation is needed.

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Platelets in aging and cancer—“double-edged sword”

Cited by 22 publications

References 183 publications

Frailty in Aging and the Search for the Optimal Biomarker: A Review

Frailty in Aging and the Search for the Optimal Biomarker: A Review

Preoperative platelet distribution width‐to‐platelet ratio combined with serum thyroglobulin may be objective and popularizable indicators in predicting papillary thyroid carcinoma

Risk Factors and Prediction Models for Venous Thromboembolism in Ambulatory Patients with Lung Cancer

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