Platelets in defense against bacterial pathogens

Yeaman, Michael R.

doi:10.1007/s00018-009-0210-4

Cited by 257 publications

(252 citation statements)

References 165 publications

(198 reference statements)

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“…It is well known that platelets can harbor pathogens, including viruses (12,13), bacteria (14)(15)(16), and parasites (4), on their plasma membrane and internally (3,13). Platelets are also known to be involved in acute and chronic liver disease related to hepatitis B virus infection via upregulation of virusspecific CD8 + T cells and nonspecific inflammatory cells into the liver (17).…”

Section: Platelets and Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nouvelle Cuisine: Platelets Served with Inflammation

Kapur

Zufferey

Boilard

et al. 2015

The Journal of Immunology

179

191

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Platelets are small cellular fragments with the primary physiological role of maintaining hemostasis. In addition to this well-described classical function, it is becoming increasingly clear that platelets have an intimate connection with infection and inflammation. This stems from several platelet characteristics, including their ability to bind infectious agents and secrete many immunomodulatory cytokines and chemokines, as well as their expression of receptors for various immune effector and regulatory functions, such as TLRs, which allow them to sense pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Furthermore, platelets contain RNA that can be nascently translated under different environmental stresses, and they are able to release membrane microparticles that can transport inflammatory cargo to inflammatory cells. Interestingly, acute infections can also result in platelet breakdown and thrombocytopenia. This report highlights these relatively new aspects of platelets and, thus, their nonhemostatic nature in an inflammatory setting.

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Section: Platelets and Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nouvelle Cuisine: Platelets Served with Inflammation

Kapur

Zufferey

Boilard

et al. 2015

The Journal of Immunology

179

191

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Finally, platelets are also involved in innate immunity [146,147]. In particular, platelets play a critical role in the pathogenesis of malarial infections.…”

Section: The P2y 1 Receptor As a Target For New Antiplatelet Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

P2 receptors and platelet function

Hechler

Gachet

2011

Purinergic Signalling

138

127

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Following vessel wall injury, platelets adhere to the exposed subendothelium, become activated and release mediators such as TXA 2 and nucleotides stored at very high concentration in the so-called dense granules. Released nucleotides and other soluble agents act in a positive feedback mechanism to cause further platelet activation and amplify platelet responses induced by agents such as thrombin or collagen. Adenine nucleotides act on platelets through three distinct P2 receptors: two are G proteincoupled ADP receptors, namely the P2Y 1 and P2Y 12 receptor subtypes, while the P2X 1 receptor ligand-gated cation channel is activated by ATP. The P2Y 1 receptor initiates platelet aggregation but is not sufficient for a full platelet aggregation in response to ADP, while the P2Y 12 receptor is responsible for completion of the aggregation to ADP. The latter receptor, the molecular target of the antithrombotic drugs clopidogrel, prasugrel and ticagrelor, is responsible for most of the potentiating effects of ADP when platelets are stimulated by agents such as thrombin, collagen or immune complexes. The P2X 1 receptor is involved in platelet shape change and in activation by collagen under shear conditions. Each of these receptors is coupled to specific signal transduction pathways in response to ADP or ATP and is differentially involved in all the sequential events involved in platelet function and haemostasis. As such, they represent potential targets for antithrombotic drugs.

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“…29 A subset of PMPs has been discovered to be classical chemokines with direct antimicrobial properties and these peptides could act in consort with conventional antibiotics and are less prone to inducing resistance of bacteria. 30 In our study, L-PRP gel combined with vancomycin showed more effective antimicrobial property than vancomycin or L-PRP gel monotherapy.…”

Section: L-prp Gel For Osteomyelitis Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of leukocyte‐ and platelet‐rich plasma gel (L‐PRP gel) in treating osteomyelitis in a rabbit model

Yin

Ding

et al. 2012

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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Leukocyte-and platelet-rich plasma gel (L-PRP gel), a new autologous product which was previously utilized in several surgical procedures to enhance tissue healing, is now increasingly used as a promising treatment method for infections. In this study, we investigated the antibacterial property of L-PRP gel against Methicillin-resistive Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA, ATCC 43300) in a rabbit model of osteomyelitis. Tibial osteomyelitis was induced in 40 New Zealand white rabbits using the MRSA strain. Three weeks after induction, the rabbits with tibial osteomyelitis were randomly divided into four groups: Control group (no treatment); Van group (debridement and parenteral treatment with vancomycin alone); L-PRP gel þ Van group (debridement and local L-PRP gel injection, plus parenteral treatment with vancomycin); L-PRP gel group (debridement and local L-PRP gel injection). All rabbits were sacrificed 6 weeks after debridement. The antibacterial efficacy was evaluated by radiological, microbiological, and histological examinations. Newly formed bone was also quantified. The best therapeutic efficacy, including infection elimination and bone defect repair, was observed in the L-PRP gel þ Van group. Although not comparable to vancomycin, L-PRP gel also exibited antimicrobial efficacy in vivo. We believe that a combination of L-PRP gel and antibiotics could be a favorable alternative for the treatment of osteomyelitis.

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Platelets in defense against bacterial pathogens

Cited by 257 publications

References 165 publications

Nouvelle Cuisine: Platelets Served with Inflammation

Nouvelle Cuisine: Platelets Served with Inflammation

P2 receptors and platelet function

Efficacy of leukocyte‐ and platelet‐rich plasma gel (L‐PRP gel) in treating osteomyelitis in a rabbit model

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