Platinum Catalysts for Exhaust Emission Control: The Mechanism of Catalyst Poisoning by Lead and Phosphorus Compounds

Acres, G. J. K.; Cooper, BP; Shutt, E.; Malerbi, B.W.

doi:10.1021/ba-1975-0143.ch006

Cited by 27 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…The maximum emission of the catalyst equipped vehicles from the 2011 model year or newer was about 2.5% CO. These findings are consistent with the banning of leaded petrol in 2011 and expectation that the pre-2011 vehicles were potentially operated on leaded fuel which is known to poison catalytic activity [20]. This apparent poisoning was not observed for vehicles operating on fuels post 2010 and demonstrates that high RON, unleaded, low sulfur fuel adopted in Pakistan after 2010 and currently in the market is enabling effective emission system performance.…”

Section: Fuel Qualitysupporting

confidence: 76%

Effect of Fuel Quality, Vehicle Maintenance and Advanced Emission Control Technology on Pakistan In -Use Light Vehicle Emissions

Taimoor

2023

JENGSCI

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Pakistan is suffering from some of the worst air quality in Asia. The transportation sector is a major contributor to air pollution along diesel powered vehicles and rickshaws being the primary pollutions source. However, the contribution from light duty vehicles cannot be ignored. In this paper, results from an in-use emission study of over 500 light duty vehicles are reported and discussed. A random geographically diversified survey is conducted to collect data regarding the emissions from in-use vehicles in Pakistan. A review of the government fuel quality policy is provided. Through this analysis, the effects of polices addressing vehicle maintenance and repair, advanced vehicle emission technology and fuel quality are evaluated. These results provide insight to guide further measures to ensure meaningful impact on urban air quality in Pakistan. The same study may also be conducted in other regional countries to support effective emission control policy from the light vehicles.

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Section: Fuel Qualitysupporting

confidence: 76%

Effect of Fuel Quality, Vehicle Maintenance and Advanced Emission Control Technology on Pakistan In -Use Light Vehicle Emissions

Taimoor

2023

JENGSCI

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“…TWCs having high Rh and high noble-metal loadings were found insensitive to P from oil (1,18). Recent evaluations in this laboratory of currently formulated Pt-Rh TWCs showed no poisoning for NO nor HC conversions when the fuel P level was increased from 0.8 to 8.0 mg of P/gal, but, instead, conversions were slightly improved (2), as observed previously (6,19). The formation of stable, inert lead phosphate, Pbs(P04)2, which would neutralize Pb poisoning to some extent, has been previously identified on automotive catalysts (20)(21)(22).…”

supporting

confidence: 72%

Poisoning of platinum-rhodium automotive three-way catalysts: behavior of single-component catalysts and effects of sulfur and phosphorus

Williamson¹,

Stepien²,

Gandhi³

1980

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…Various formulations of Pt-Rh could be successfully used for the simultaneous conversion of CO, HCs, and NOx. A synergistic effect was also discovered between these two metals since Pt helps maintain Rh in well-dispersed catalytically active state under high temperature oxidative conditions [38][39][40][41]. Pt-Rh based catalytic formulations became cost prohibitive due to high prices and limited global supply of the two constituent metals and metal substitutes were explored.…”

Section: Importance Of Pd In Emission Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Microwave-Assisted Synthesis-Based Approaches to Reduce Pd-Content in Catalysts

Kunal

Toops

2020

Catalysts

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This review article focuses on the latest advances in the synthesis of inorganic nano-catalysts using microwave heating, which has progressed significantly since its initial implementation in the mid-1980s. Over the years, nanoparticles (NPs), which inherently offer better surface accessibility for heterogeneous catalysis, have been synthesized using a wide array of heating methods. Microwave heating is one such method and employs a unique heating mechanism that can have several benefits for catalysis. When compared to conventional form of heating which relies on inter-layer mixing via convection, microwave heating operates through the chemical polarity in the target chemicals leading to an “inside-out” mode of heating. This heating mechanism is more targeted and therefore results in rapid synthesis of catalytically active NPs. Platinum group metals (PGM) have classically been the focus of nano-catalysis; however, recent efforts have also applied non-PGM group metals with the goals of lower costs, and ideally, improved catalytic reactivity and durability. This is especially of interest with respect to Pd because of its current historically high cost. Investigations into these new materials have primarily focused on new/improved synthetic methods and catalytic compositions, but it is important to note that these approaches must also be economic and scalable to attain practical relevance. With this overarching goal in mind, this review summarizes notable recent findings with a focus on Pd-dilution and microwave heating in a chronological fashion.

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Platinum Catalysts for Exhaust Emission Control: The Mechanism of Catalyst Poisoning by Lead and Phosphorus Compounds

Cited by 27 publications

References 0 publications

Effect of Fuel Quality, Vehicle Maintenance and Advanced Emission Control Technology on Pakistan In -Use Light Vehicle Emissions

Effect of Fuel Quality, Vehicle Maintenance and Advanced Emission Control Technology on Pakistan In -Use Light Vehicle Emissions

Poisoning of platinum-rhodium automotive three-way catalysts: behavior of single-component catalysts and effects of sulfur and phosphorus

A Review of Microwave-Assisted Synthesis-Based Approaches to Reduce Pd-Content in Catalysts

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