Platinum-group-metal catalysts for proton exchange membrane fuel cells: From catalyst design to electrode structure optimization

Hou, Junbo; Yang, Min; Ke, Changchun; Wei, Guanghua; Priest, Cameron; Qiao, Zhi; Wu, Gang; Zhang, Junliang

doi:10.1016/j.enchem.2019.100023

Cited by 176 publications

(123 citation statements)

References 218 publications

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“…On the other hand, the local oxygen resistance is related to the ionomer film on PGM particle surfaces. [ 47 ] During AST, the ionomer degradation can be induced by peroxide and its derived radicals. The degraded ionomers with more mobile and strongly adsorbing groups, e.g., sulfonic acid groups, and aggregations on PGM particle surfaces would form a backbone and hinder the oxygen permeation pathway, thus decreasing the local oxygen transfer.…”

Section: Low‐pgm Catalysts For Pem Fuel Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low‐PGM and PGM‐Free Catalysts for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells: Stability Challenges and Material Solutions

et al. 2020

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Fuel cells as an attractive clean energy technology have recently regained popularity in academia, government, and industry. In a mainstream proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell, platinum‐group‐metal (PGM)‐based catalysts account for ≈50% of the projected total cost for large‐scale production. To lower the cost, two materials‐based strategies have been pursued: 1) to decrease PGM catalyst usage (so‐called low‐PGM catalysts), and 2) to develop alternative PGM‐free catalysts. Grand stability challenges exist when PGM catalyst loading is decreased in a membrane electrode assembly (MEA)—the power generation unit of a PEM fuel cell—or when PGM‐free catalysts are integrated into an MEA. More importantly, there is a significant knowledge gap between materials innovation and device integration. For example, high‐performance electrocatalysts usually demonstrate undesired quick degradation in MEAs. This issue significantly limits the development of PEM fuel cells. Herein, recent progress in understanding the degradation of low‐PGM and PGM‐free catalysts in fuel cell MEAs and materials‐based solutions to address these issues are reviewed. The key factors that degrade the MEA performance are highlighted. Innovative, emerging material concepts and development of low‐PGM and PGM‐free catalysts are discussed.

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Section: Low‐pgm Catalysts For Pem Fuel Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low‐PGM and PGM‐Free Catalysts for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells: Stability Challenges and Material Solutions

et al. 2020

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“…Since Wilhelm Ostwald (in the year 1887) fuel cells are regarded to result in a paradigm change in world energy production and storage But in the transportation sector still severe technological problems of fuel cells in their development and production are hampering the market acceptance of this technology, despite the fact that for some of these problems already solutions have been proposed . One of these problems is the intrinsic thermodynamic instability of the carbon black (CB) support in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Niobium, Tantalum, and Tungsten Doped Tin Dioxides as Potential Support Materials for Fuel Cell Catalyst Applications

Stöwe

Weber

2020

Zeitschrift anorg allge chemie

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We report here on potential candidates based on the oxides SnO 2 , Nb 2 O 5 , Ta 2 O 5 , and WO 3 as alternative support materials for precious metal catalysts with high stability under highly acidic conditions and elevated temperatures as well as sufficient electric conductivity (EC) for application in PEMFCs. To increase the low conductivity of these wide bandgap binary oxides we investigated the mutual doping of these elements and report here on the doping of SnO 2 with W, Nb and Ta in the doping range of 0-15 mol-% metal component. Powder samples were prepared by an optimized sol-gel method based on

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“…Pt‐based nanomaterials are recognized as the most efficient ORR catalysts in practical low‐temperature PEMFCs to date. [ 111,116–118 ] Nevertheless, the high cost and scarcity of Pt are key obstacles to their widespread utilization. Catalyst layers in the PEMFC system represent over 40% of the total cost.…”

Section: Orr Catalysts For Pem Fuel Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced Electrocatalysis for Energy and Environmental Sustainability via Water and Nitrogen Reactions

et al. 2020

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Clean and efficient energy storage and conversion via sustainable water and nitrogen reactions have attracted substantial attention to address the energy and environmental issues due to the overwhelming use of fossil fuels. These electrochemical reactions are crucial for desirable clean energy technologies, including advanced water electrolyzers, hydrogen fuel cells, and ammonia electrosynthesis and utilization. Their sluggish reaction kinetics lead to inefficient energy conversion. Innovative electrocatalysis, i.e., catalysis at the interface between the electrode and electrolyte to facilitate charge transfer and mass transport, plays a vital role in boosting energy conversion efficiency and providing sufficient performance and durability for these energy technologies. Herein, a comprehensive review on recent progress, achievements, and remaining challenges for these electrocatalysis processes related to water (i.e., oxygen evolution reaction, OER, and oxygen reduction reaction, ORR) and nitrogen (i.e., nitrogen reduction reaction, NRR, for ammonia synthesis and ammonia oxidation reaction, AOR, for energy utilization) is provided. Catalysts, electrolytes, and interfaces between the two within electrodes for these electrocatalysis processes are discussed. The primary emphasis is device performance of OER‐related proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzers, ORR‐related PEM fuel cells, NRR‐driven ammonia electrosynthesis from water and nitrogen, and AOR‐related direct ammonia fuel cells.

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Platinum-group-metal catalysts for proton exchange membrane fuel cells: From catalyst design to electrode structure optimization

Cited by 176 publications

References 218 publications

Low‐PGM and PGM‐Free Catalysts for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells: Stability Challenges and Material Solutions

Low‐PGM and PGM‐Free Catalysts for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells: Stability Challenges and Material Solutions

Niobium, Tantalum, and Tungsten Doped Tin Dioxides as Potential Support Materials for Fuel Cell Catalyst Applications

Advanced Electrocatalysis for Energy and Environmental Sustainability via Water and Nitrogen Reactions

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