Platinum nanoparticles reduce ovariectomy-induced bone loss by decreasing osteoclastogenesis

Abstract

Platinum nanoparticles (PtNP) exhibit remarkable antioxidant activity. There is growing evidence concerning a positive relationship between oxidative stress and bone loss, suggesting that PtNP could protect against bone loss by modulating oxidative stress. Intragastric administration of PtNP reduced ovariectomy (OVX)-induced bone loss with a decreased level of activity and number of osteoclast (OC) in vivo. PtNP inhibited OC formation by impairing the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) signaling. This impairment was due to a decreased activation of nuclear factor-κB and a reduced level of nuclear factor in activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1 (NFAT2). PtNP lowered RANKL-induced long lasting reactive oxygen species as well as intracellular concentrations of Ca2+ oscillation. Our data clearly highlight the potential of PtNP for the amelioration of bone loss after estrogen deficiency by attenuated OC formation.

Platinum nanoparticles induce damage to DNA and inhibit DNA replication

“…Kajita et al reported that PtNPs eliminated the anion radicals and hydrogen peroxide by a mechanism similar to superoxide-dismutase and catalase action [18]. Kim et al [59] also confirmed the antioxidant function of PtNP,s which were shown to reduce the oxidative stress in murine osteoclasts. Onizawa et al [60], studied the antioxidant activity of PtNPs in murine lungs after exposition to cigarette smoke.…”

Effects of thirty elements on bone metabolism

“…In vitro and in vivo experiments using platinum nanoparticles reported inhibition of osteoclast proliferation and activity, which are thought to down-regulate the ROS-induced RANKL pathway [212,213]. These studies suggest platinum nanoparticles may have future application as new drugs for the treatment of bone diseases but not before exhaustive toxicological studies including platinum cation possibly resulting from the nanoparticles.…”

Effects triggered by platinum nanoparticles on primary keratinocytes

“…Similarly to what was observed in the case of silver NPs, the size of PtNPs was an important factor in the induction of genotoxic and cytotoxic effects. 7,27,28 Western blot data showing activation of signaling pathways important for cell survival and proliferation indicate that PtNPs trigger stressful conditions for keratinocytes during the first few hours of treatment, resulting in enhanced phosphorylation of ERK1/2, JNK, and Akt. However, the activity of these kinases returns to the level observed in control cells after 24 hours, and thus PtNP-related stress does not affect homeostasis in a stable way.…”

“…21 It has been shown that PtNPs influence many processes by modulating the level of ROS production. Kim and coworkers 7 showed that PtNPs inhibit formation of osteoclasts by impairing the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) signaling. Thus, PtNPs could protect against bone loss by modulation of oxidative stress.…”

“…It is generally accepted that PtNPs are not as toxic as silver NPs and exhibit remarkable antioxidant activities, reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. [6][7][8] Because of this strong antioxidative capacity, PtNPs have been effectively used in the cosmetic sector in antiaging formulations. Human skin is constantly exposed to solar ultraviolet photons.…”