Playing Tic-Tac-Toe with a Sugar-Based Molecular Computer

Abstract

Today, molecules can perform Boolean operations and circuits at a level of higher complexity. However, concatenation of logic gates and inhomogeneous inputs and outputs are still challenging tasks. Novel approaches for logic gate integration are possible when chemical programming and software programming are combined. Here it is shown that a molecular finite automaton based on the concatenated implication function (IMP) of a fluorescent two-component sugar probe via a wiring algorithm is able to play tic-tac-toe.

Sensitization of NO‐Releasing Ruthenium Complexes to Visible Light

“…Nevertheless, it can be seen that quantum chemical simulations can be utilized in order to give a reasonable prediction of Γ , which is promising for an a priori evaluation of future transition‐metal nitrosyls and carbonyls in the context of NO‐ and CO‐releasing molecules 11. 12, 66–68…”

“…Hence, applyingt he energy and oscillator strength of merelyt he S 8 neglectsc ontributions of the S 13 .N evertheless, it canb es een that quantum chemicals imulationsc an be utilizedi no rder to give ar easonablep redictiono fG,w hichi sp romisingf or an apriori evaluation of future transition-metalnitrosylsand carbonylsi nt he context of NO-and CO-releasing molecules. [11,12,[66][67][68]…”

Bioelectronic Interface Connecting Reversible Logic Gates Based on Enzyme and DNA Reactions

“…Despite the fact that this research area is rapidly progressing, there are still two major challenges that need to be addressed. [28][29][30] 2) To progress into the realm of real computational tasks, the (bio)molecular systems should have much higherc omplexity; [31] in other words, they should allow us to scale up the number of individual logic elements connectedi nc omplexc omputing networks, similar to electronic systems. Despite the fact that they are proposed to be the basis of ab iomolecular computer in the future, [14] such ab iocomputer is still not feasible at the present level of technology.C urrently,b iomolecular computing systemsa re only able to mimic some simple logic games, for example, tic-tac-toe.…”

“…Despite the fact that they are proposed to be the basis of ab iomolecular computer in the future, [14] such ab iocomputer is still not feasible at the present level of technology.C urrently,b iomolecular computing systemsa re only able to mimic some simple logic games, for example, tic-tac-toe. [28][29][30] 2) To progress into the realm of real computational tasks, the (bio)molecular systems should have much higherc omplexity; [31] in other words, they should allow us to scale up the number of individual logic elements connectedi nc omplexc omputing networks, similar to electronic systems. Both of these challenges should be addressed as soon as possible to justify further work in this research area, otherwise the scientific community will lose interest in this potentially interesting area.…”

Population analysis to increase the robustness of molecular computational identification and its extension into the near-infrared for substantial numbers of small objects

“…Molecular logic-based computation1–10 is a field where molecules perform Boolean and related operations usually belonging to semiconductor-based information processors. Recent developments include gate concatenation,11–13 combinatorial sensing,14,15 multi-analyte sensing,16–22 gaming,23–26 logical materials,27–31 human-level computation32–34 and cryptography 35–37. An intrinsic strength of molecular logic is that the gates are nanometric in size and therefore capable of operating in nanospaces.…”