Pleistocene History of Bermuda

Land, Lynton S.; Mackenzie, Fred T.; Gould, Stephen Jay

doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1967)78[993:phob]2.0.co;2

Cited by 220 publications

(159 citation statements)

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“…2 Method). Furthermore, at Rocky Bay (Land et al, 1967), the Belmont beach facies of MIS 7 is overlain unconformably by the Devonshire marine unit of the Rocky Bay Formation of MIS 5.5 age, which also points to uplift of the MIS 7 unit fashioned when sea-level was below present (Bard et al, 2002;Dutton et al, 2009). What, then, is so sacrosanct about the tectonic stability of Bermuda?…”

Section: High Mis Sea-levels In Bermuda Bahamas Hawaii and Sussex (Uk)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sea level ~400 000 years ago (MIS 11): analogue for present and future sea-level?

Bowen

2010

Clim. Past

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Abstract. Comparison of the sea-level today with that of 400 000 years ago (MIS 11), when the Earth's orbital characteristics were similar may provide, under conditions of natural variability, indications of future sea-level during the present interglacial. Then, as now, orbital eccentricity was low and precession dampened. Evidence for MIS 11 sealevel occurs on uplifting coastlines where shorelines with geochronological ages have been preserved. The sea-level term and the uplift term may be separated with an "uplift correction" formula. This discovers the original sea-level at which the now uplifted shoreline was fashioned. Estimates are based on average uplift rates of the "last interglacial" sealevel (MIS 5.5) using a range of estimates for sea-level and age at that time at different locations. These, with varying secular tectonic regimes in different ocean basins, provide a band of estimates for the MIS 11 sea-level. They do not support the hypothesis of an MIS 11 sea-level at ∼20 m, and instead show that it was closer to its present level.

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Section: High Mis Sea-levels In Bermuda Bahamas Hawaii and Sussex (Uk)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sea level ~400 000 years ago (MIS 11): analogue for present and future sea-level?

Bowen

2010

Clim. Past

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“…Land et al (7) described a terrace with marine sands and conglomerate at this level in Government Quarry, but the site was later destroyed by quarry expansion.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…3). These deposits occupied a 0.5-m-deep horizontal notch (Calonectris Quarry, named for the abundance of bones of Mediterranean Shearwater Calonectris diomedea) on the west side of Government Quarry, situated on the opposite side of a narrow ridge within a few meters of previously described terrace deposits and sea caves (7,8). In addition to the fossils of albatross and other marine birds, Calonectris Quarry contained beach sand and conglomerate of identical composition and texture to that in Dead End Caves, and beach-worn but colored shells of marine mollusks.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Conspicuous outcrops of the deeply weathered upper surface of the Walsingham Formation and Castle Harbor paleosol may be observed along the south and east headlands of St. David's Island beneath the albatross-bearing rocks. The Walsingham is typically vuggy and weakly to cryptically bedded because of complete recrystallization (7,9), whereas the Lower Town Hill is distinctly bedded and has undergone only moderate recrystallization. Lower Town Hill beds can be traced in outcrop along the series of islands to the southwest that provided the fossils described in this study.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Probable extirpation of a breeding colony of Short-tailed Albatross (Phoebastria albatrus) on Bermuda by Pleistocene sea-level rise

Olson

Hearty

2003

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Albatrosses (Diomedeidae) do not occur in the North Atlantic Ocean today except as vagrants, although five species were present in the early Pliocene. No fossil breeding sites of albatrosses were known previously. The timing of extinction of albatrosses in the North Atlantic was likewise unknown. Deposits that formed near present-day sea level along the southeastern shore of Bermuda contain remains of a former breeding colony and include intact eggshells and bones of embryos, juveniles, and adults of Short-tailed Albatross (Phoebastria albatrus), a critically endangered species now confined to a few islets in the northwestern Pacific Ocean. These deposits are correlated with the middle Pleistocene Lower Town Hill Formation, which at other sites have a radiometric age of Ϸ405,000 years ago. This equates with the marine isotope stage 11 interglacial, which culminated in a rise in sea-level to >؉20 m. Bones of a juvenile Short-tailed Albatross were also found in beach deposits at ؉21.3 m from this same interglacial. We interpret the extirpation of albatrosses on Bermuda as probably resulting from lack of nesting sites protected from storm surges over the little emergent land that remained at the height of the marine isotope stage 11 sea level rise.

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“…The following hypotheses are typical: (1) soil washed in from nearby (Ahmad et al 1966); (2) simple erosion (Sinclair 1967;Bosch et al 1982); (3) weathering of volcanic ash (Comer et al 1980); (4) weathering of aeolian dust (Land et al 1967;Blackburn & Taylor 1969, 1970Bricker & Mackenzie 1970;Macleod 1980;Rapp 1983;Muhs et al 1987Muhs et al ,1990.…”

Section: G91017 Received 17 July 1992; Accepted 22 December 1992mentioning

confidence: 99%

The elemental content of Niue Island soils as an indicator of their origin

Whitehead

Hunt

Leslie

et al. 1993

New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics

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The major and trace element contents of 241 Niue Island lateritic soils were determined, mainly by X-ray fluorescence, to deduce soil origins. The analyses showed very low SiO 2 content, and a high content of Mg, P, V, Cr, Sr, Y, Hg, and α-counts, compared with other laterites worldwide. The distribution patterns are consistent with derivation by weathering from calcite and dolomite rather than from deposited volcanic ash. Weathering is a particularly novel explanation for the origin of the relatively high content of P in these soils. The soils contain a negative Ce anomaly, consistent with an origin from seawater or coral, but not volcanic ash. If recent results showing in situ formation of magnetite in soils are applicable, the soil mineralogy is wholly consistent with an origin from calcite/dolomite. An origin from calcite is also consistent with the relative lack of volcanic ash on the seabed nearby, and very low deposition of aeolian dust. The radioactivity content is consistent neither with calcite/dolomite weathering, nor volcanic ash origin, but may have originated, like a few of the stable elements, from rising hydrothermal solutions.

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Pleistocene History of Bermuda

Cited by 220 publications

References 0 publications

Sea level ~400 000 years ago (MIS 11): analogue for present and future sea-level?

Sea level ~400 000 years ago (MIS 11): analogue for present and future sea-level?

Probable extirpation of a breeding colony of Short-tailed Albatross (Phoebastria albatrus) on Bermuda by Pleistocene sea-level rise

The elemental content of Niue Island soils as an indicator of their origin

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