Pleural pressures at dorsal and ventral sites in supine and prone body positions.

Rutishauser, W.; Banchero, Natalio; Tsakiris, Anastasios G.; Edmundowicz, A C; Wood, Earl H.

doi:10.1152/jappl.1966.21.5.1500

Cited by 31 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…The vertical gradient of regional alveolar expansion was present in supine animals but not in prone (Hoffman & Ritman, 1985, 1987. Wood and co-workers studied the topographic relationships of the heart and the lungs in dogs exposed to 1 and 6-7 G in prone and supine postures, measured from biplane roentgenograms (Rutishauser et al 1966(Rutishauser et al , 1967. Since the dorsal-ventral dimensions of the thorax of the dogs used were about 20 cm, or almost the same as for humans, the results obtained are probably of relevance also for humans.…”

Section: Intrathoracic Pressure Gradients and Ventilationperfusion Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective effect of prone posture against hypergravity-induced arterial hypoxaemia in humans

Rohdin

Petersson

Mure

et al. 2003

The Journal of Physiology

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Patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome have increased lung tissue weight and therefore an increased hydrostatic pressure gradient down the lung. Also, they have a better arterial oxygenation in prone (face down) than in supine (face up) posture. We hypothesized that this effect of the direction of gravity also existed in healthy humans, when increased hydrostatic gradients were induced by hypergravity. Ten healthy subjects were studied in a human centrifuge while exposed to 1 or 5 G in anterio-posterior (supine) or posterio-anterior (prone) direction. We measured blood gases using remote-controlled sampling and gas exchange by mass spectrometry. Hypergravity led to marked impairments of arterial oxygenation in both postures and more so in supine posture. At 5 G, the arterial oxygen saturation was 84.6 +/- 1.2 % (mean +/- S.E.M.) in supine and 89.7 +/- 1.4 % in prone posture (P < 0.001 for supine vs. prone). Ventilation and alveolar PO2 were increased at 5 G and did not differ between postures. The alveolar-to-arterial PO2 difference increased at 5 G to 8.0 +/- 0.2 kPa and 6.6 +/- 0.3 kPa in supine and prone postures (P = 0.003). Arterial oxygenation was less impaired in prone during hypergravity due to a better-preserved alveolo-arterial oxygen transport. We speculate that mammals have developed a cardiopulmonary structure that favours function with the gravitational vector in the posterio-anterior direction.

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Section: Intrathoracic Pressure Gradients and Ventilationperfusion Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective effect of prone posture against hypergravity-induced arterial hypoxaemia in humans

Rohdin

Petersson

Mure

et al. 2003

The Journal of Physiology

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“…Whereas Agostoni and his associates (5, 14) introduced cannulas under a layer of liquid, this precaution was not taken by Surprenant and Rodbard (155) or by Banchero, Rutishauser, et al (22,144,145), who nevertheless took particular care to avoid the entrance of air into the pleural cavity (2).…”

Section: Pressurementioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanics of the Pleural Space

Agostoni¹

1986

Comprehensive Physiology

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“…The RAP was related to the reference level 3.5 cm above the surface on which the rabbit was lying. Intrapleural pressure (Ppl) was measured using the method described by Rutishauser et al (1966) for use in the dog, but modified for use in rabbits. The point of entry for the catheter was 5.5 cm vertically above the table surface on which the rabbit was lying and horizontally 17-18 cm from the base of the skull.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparison of the Effects of Salbutamol, Etilefrine and Dextran During Hypotension and Low Cardiac Output States in Rabbit

Adigun¹,

Fentem²

1984

Clin Exp Pharma Physio

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The effects of salbutamol (25 and 50 micrograms/kg), etilefrine (50 and 200 micrograms/kg) and dextran (8 ml/kg) on cardiovascular function have been studied in the rabbit. The three drugs raised the resting cardiac output (with salbutamol producing delta max 52%, P less than 0.001, n = 5) and right heart filling pressure (RHFP, delta max from dextran 3.5 cmH2O; P less than 0.001, n = 6) and lowered total peripheral resistance (TPR, delta max from salbutamol 46%, P less than 0.001, n = 5). However, TPR rose with the 200 micrograms/kg etilefrine (P less than 0.05, n = 5). Pulse pressure rose with salbutamol (P less than 0.001, n = 6) and etilefrine (P less than 0.05, n = 6). Etilefrine raised resting BP (delta max, P less than 0.001, n = 6); salbutamol lowered resting BP (delta max, P less than 0.001, n = 6) while dextran (n = 6) had little effect on resting BP. The actions of salbutamol are mediated mainly through beta 2-adrenoceptors although the drug also has some minor beta 1-adrenoceptor action. With etilefrine, the increase in cardiac output and the reduction in TPR are mediated through beta-adrenoceptors while the increases in RHFP, blood pressure and TPR are a direct action on the alpha-adrenoceptors. However, during haemorrhage the fall in diastolic pressure produced by salbutamol was considerably reduced while the reduction in mean BP and systolic pressure (which sometimes rose) was abolished. Dextran raised BP during hypotension produced by either sympathectomy or haemorrhage but not during normotension. The reflex recovery in RHFP and the reflex tachycardia were slightly attenuated during lower body negative pressure (LBNP) after salbutamol or dextran. The reflex recovery in blood pressure was complete and the pressure sometimes exceeded the resting level by up to 10 mmHg during LBNP after salbutamol, etilefrine (50 micrograms/kg only) and dextran. The reduced TPR (presumably due to vasodilation) and the increases in cardiac output and RHFP at an adequately maintained blood pressure produced by suitable doses of the three drugs may be useful in the management of circulatory shock and related states.

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Pleural pressures at dorsal and ventral sites in supine and prone body positions.

Cited by 31 publications

References 0 publications

Protective effect of prone posture against hypergravity-induced arterial hypoxaemia in humans

Protective effect of prone posture against hypergravity-induced arterial hypoxaemia in humans

Mechanics of the Pleural Space

A Comparison of the Effects of Salbutamol, Etilefrine and Dextran During Hypotension and Low Cardiac Output States in Rabbit

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