Pleurodeles waltl, amphibian, Urodele, is a suitable biological model for embryological and physiological space experiments on a vertebrate

Gualandris‐Parisot, Lydie; Husson, David; Foulquier, F.; Kan, Paulette; Davet, Julien; Aimar, Christian; Dournon, Christian; Duprat, Anne-Marie

doi:10.1016/s0273-1177(01)00384-2

Cited by 22 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…There have been many studies done on embryos in microgravity and a variety of species have been used (Fritzsch and Bruce, 1995;Gaboyard et al, 2002;Gualandris-Parisot et al, 2001;Horneck, 1999;Ijiri, 1995;Kojima et al, 2000;Neff et al, 1993;Orban et al, 1999;Schatten et al, 1999). Comparing variations in embryo development over a broad range of species can be difficult.…”

Section: Embryos In Microgravitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In space experiments performed in microgravity, salamanders (Pleurodeles waltl) were shown to have problems with neural tube closure in the head or cephalic region (Gualandris-Parisot et al, 2001). Eighty-one percent of the embryos had this neural tube defect and forty percent of the animals had microcephaly at the early tailbud stage.…”

Section: Pleurodeles Waltl -Urodele Amphibian -Salamandermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of microgravity on cell cytoskeleton and embryogenesis

Crawford-Young

2006

Int. J. Dev. Biol.

148

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The aim of this review is to compile, summarize and discuss the effects of microgravity on embryos, cell structure and function that have been demonstrated from data obtained during experiments performed in space or in altered gravity induced by clinostats. In cells and tissues cellular structure and genetic expression may be changed in microgravity and this has a variety of effects on embryogenesis which include death of the embryo, failure of neural tube closure, or final deformities to the overall morphology of the newborn or hatchling. Many species and protocols have been used for microgravity space experiments making it difficult to compare results. Experiments on the ways in which embryonic development and cell interactions occur in microgravity could also be performed. Experiments that have been done with cells in microgravity show changes in morphology, cytoskeleton and function. Changes in cytoskeleton have been noted and studies on microtubules in gravity have shown that they are gravity sensitive. Further study of basic chemical reactions that occur in cells should be done to shed some light on the underling processes leading to the changes that are observed in cells and embryos in microgravity.

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Section: Embryos In Microgravitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pleurodeles Waltl -Urodele Amphibian -Salamandermentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of microgravity on cell cytoskeleton and embryogenesis

Crawford-Young

2006

Int. J. Dev. Biol.

148

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“…In amphibians, exposure to microgravity during critical developmental periods results in a delay and abnormalities in the closure of the neural tube (37). In developing fish, exposure to microgravity for 16 days resulted in increases in synaptic contacts in the selected vestibular regions (38).…”

Section: Gravireaction To Microgravitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain development, environment and sex: what can we learn from studying graviperception, gravitransduction and the gravireaction of the developing CNS to altered gravity?

Sajdel-Sulkowska

2008

Cerebellum

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As man embarks on space exploration and contemplates space habitation, there is a critical need for basic understanding of the impact of the environmental factors of space, and in particular gravity, on human survival, health, reproduction and development. This review summarizes our present knowledge on the effect of altered gravity on the developing CNS with respect to the response of the developing CNS to altered gravity (gravireaction), the physiological changes associated with altered gravity that could contribute to this effect (gravitransduction), and the possible mechanisms involved in the detection of altered gravity (graviperception). Some of these findings transcend gravitational research and are relevant to our understanding of the impact of environmental factors on CNS development on Earth.

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“…Thanks to these features, this salamander became a prime model for embryology and developmental and experimental biology. Now, this salamander is a model system in space biology (Gualandris-Parisot et al 2001;Frippiat, 2013, among others) and serves as a unique experimental model for regenerative biology (Elewa et al 2017). For a long time, in the developmental and experimental investigations of P. waltl, the skull was studied as a model organ system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Skull development in the Iberian newt, Pleurodeles waltl (Salamandridae: Caudata: Amphibia): timing, sequence, variations, and thyroid hormone mediation of bone appearance

2020

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The cranial ossification sequence in Pleurodeles waltl is widely used in phylogenetic analyses of amphibian origin and evolution. However, the patterns published to date are far from completely resolved and contain certain discrepancies. Based on a large sample of P. waltl specimens ranging from early post‐hatching larvae to post‐metamorphic newts, we determined the most common cranial ossification sequence and revealed its intraspecific variations. Since thyroid hormones (THs) are involved in the mediation of skull development in salamanders, we studied the role of THs in the cranial development of P. waltl. The normal sequence and timing of bone appearance were compared with those in larvae reared under conditions of high (in 1 and 2 ng mL‐1 triiodothyronine) and low [in 0.02% thiourea (TU), which inhibits thyroid gland activity] TH levels. Metamorphosis was greatly accelerated in the TH‐treated larvae and was arrested in the TU‐treated larvae, which retained the larval pattern of the palate and rudimentary external gills even after 2 years of the experiment. Early‐appearing bones (the coronoid, vomer, palatine, dentary, squamosal, premaxilla, parasphenoid, pterygoid, prearticular, vomer, frontal, parietal, exoccipital, in this order) arise at the same stages and ages, and follow the same ossification sequence under different TH levels. The timing of the appearance of bones normally arising in the late larval and metamorphic periods (the quadratojugal, orbitosphenoid, prootic, maxilla, nasal, os thyroideum, prefrontal, quadrate, in this order) changes depending on the TH level. The maxilla and nasal display the most pronounced reaction to changes in the TH level: they appear precociously in TH‐treated animals, while their appearance is postponed and they remain rudimentary in TU‐treated animals. Because of different responses to THs, the order in which late‐arising bones appear changes depending on the TH level. Although bones appearing early in larval ontogeny (e.g. the premaxilla, vomer, squamosal, palatine) display no TH‐induced reaction when they start to develop, their further differentiation shows dependence on THs, and these bones become TH‐inducible closer to metamorphosis. These findings indicate that TH involvement in the mediation of cranial development changes from minimal (if at all) in its early stages to maximal during metamorphosis. It is likely that the appearance of bones early in development is mediated by factors other than THs. Their further development is accompanied by changes in the mechanisms mediating their morphological differentiation. That is, likely non‐hormonal mediation becomes replaced or/and complemented by hormonal mediation. The constituent parts of the same bone may exhibit differences in their reactions to changes in TH levels. Although in normal development, the overall cranial ossification sequence is constant, there was variation in the order in which late‐appearing bones was recorded. These observations suggest that this variation results from individual variab...

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Pleurodeles waltl, amphibian, Urodele, is a suitable biological model for embryological and physiological space experiments on a vertebrate

Cited by 22 publications

References 13 publications

Effects of microgravity on cell cytoskeleton and embryogenesis

Effects of microgravity on cell cytoskeleton and embryogenesis

Brain development, environment and sex: what can we learn from studying graviperception, gravitransduction and the gravireaction of the developing CNS to altered gravity?

Skull development in the Iberian newt, Pleurodeles waltl (Salamandridae: Caudata: Amphibia): timing, sequence, variations, and thyroid hormone mediation of bone appearance

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