PLIF Measurements of Fuel Distribution in a PFI Engine Under Cold Start Conditions

Weaver, Courtney; Wooldridge, Steve; Johnson, S.; Sick, Volker; Lavoie, George A.

doi:10.4271/2003-01-3236

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Given the increasing global energy and environmental issues, it is not easy for traditional engines to meet the more stringent regulations that are internationally proposed. 1,2 The amelioration of fuel economy and the mitigation of toxic emissions have become the top priorities of researchers. Gasoline direct injection (GDI) engine is directly injected into the cylinder of a spark ignition engine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of throat area and inlet area of intake port on mixture formation of gasoline direct injection engines

Zheng

Liu

Tian

2018

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D:

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To study the effects of intake port structure parameters (inlet area and throat area) of a gasoline direct injection engine on mixture formation, a steady-flow test and transient simulation with four kinds of intake ports (named Cases 1–4) were simulated using AVL FIRE; a four-valve, four-cylinder gasoline direct injection engine with Case 1 was also operated under wide-open-throat conditions with a speed of 5500 r/min as the test basis. According to the simulation results, the flow coefficient increased with an increase in throat and decrease in inlet areas; however, a reverse change of them can improve the tumble ratio. In addition, the tumble ratio in a cylinder can be increased by reducing the throat and inlet areas. However, the concentration is not notable at high-speed wide-open-throat conditions. A larger tumble ratio and stronger turbulent kinetic energy intensity of in-cylinder flow are beneficial to form a homogeneous mixture, which ensures a better distribution of air–fuel mixture at ignition time. Moreover, larger inlet area and smaller throat area ensure less NO emissions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of throat area and inlet area of intake port on mixture formation of gasoline direct injection engines

Zheng

Liu

Tian

2018

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D:

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“…This coercive element was largely attributed to industry expectations that had developed within the UK PFI market. For the pre-crisis period, government announcements seemed to indicate that PPPs were seen as a means of catching up with 'modern procurement methods', as practised in other Englishspeaking countries such as the UK, where ministers were keen to introduce what they saw as 'innovative, entrepreneurial business values' into public services (Weaver, 2003). Unsurprisingly, Ireland's 2003 PPP policy framework closely mirrored the earlier UK Green Book.…”

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confidence: 99%

The evolution of public–private partnership in Ireland: a sustainable pathway?

Sheppard

Beck

2016

International Review of Administrative Sciences

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Ireland is a latecomer to Public Private Partnership (PPP) having only adopted it in 1998.Prior to the credit crisis, Ireland followed the UK model with PPPs being implemented in transport, education, housing/urban regeneration and water/wastewater. Having stalled during the credit crisis, PPP has been reactivated recently with the domestic infrastructure stimulus programme i . The focus of this paper is on Ireland as a younger participant in PPP and the nexus between adoption patterns and sustainability characteristics of Irish PPP. Using document analysis and exploratory interviews, the paper examines the reasons for Ireland's interest in PPP which cannot be attributed to economic rationales alone. We consider three explanations: voluntary adoption -where the UK model was closely followed as part of a domestic modernisation agenda; coercive adoption -where PPP policy was forced upon public sector organisations; and institutional isomorphism -where institutional creation and change around PPP was promoted to help public sector organisations gain institutional legitimacy. We find evidence of all three patterns with coercive adoption becoming more relevant in recent years, which is likely to affect sustainability adversely unless incentives for voluntary adoption are strengthened and institutional capacity building is boosted. Points for PractitionersThere are many reasons public sector organisations procure via PPP and motivations can change over time. In Ireland PPP adoption changed from being largely voluntary to increasingly coercive. Irrespective of motives, PPP procurement must be underpinned by incentives and institutional enabling mechanisms which should be strengthened to make Ireland's PPP strategy sustainable.

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Assessment of gasoline direct injector fouling effects on fuel injection, engine performance and emissions

Badawy

Attar

et al. 2018

Applied Energy

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PLIF Measurements of Fuel Distribution in a PFI Engine Under Cold Start Conditions

Cited by 8 publications

References 8 publications

Effects of throat area and inlet area of intake port on mixture formation of gasoline direct injection engines

Effects of throat area and inlet area of intake port on mixture formation of gasoline direct injection engines

The evolution of public–private partnership in Ireland: a sustainable pathway?

Assessment of gasoline direct injector fouling effects on fuel injection, engine performance and emissions

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