PLIF species and ratiometric temperature measurements of aluminum particle combustion in O2, CO2 and N2O oxidizers, and comparison with model calculations

Bucher, P.; Yetter, Richard A.; Dryer, Frederick L.; Parr, T. P.; Hanson‐Parr, D. M.

doi:10.1016/s0082-0784(98)80094-5

Cited by 90 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The calculated species profiles correspond to a diffusion flame, as virtually none of the oxidizers penetrates beyond the flame. The calculated temperature profiles are compared with the experimental data of Bucher et al [18,20,21], showing good agreement between the model and available data.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

“…Figure 12 shows the calculated relative AlO concentration profile compared with data from the same experiments. It can be seen that the profiles are very similar, although Bucher et al [18,20,21] observed a peak in AlO concentration at R/R 0 ≈ 2.2, and the calculated peak value is at R/R 0 = 3.0. Figure 13 shows a comparison of Bucher's data with a calculated temperature profile for aluminum-particle combustion in an N 2 + O 2 atmosphere, similar to the Ar + O 2 case shown in Fig.…”

Section: Modeling Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…Some of the latest and best experimental measurements of temperature and species distributions around a burning aluminum particle were performed by Bucher et al [18,20,21]. In one of their experiments, they burned aluminum particles in an Ar + O 2 atmosphere and measured the temperature profiles extending outward from the particle surface in very small increments.…”

Section: Modeling Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There was some question as to whether aluminum combustion is purely diffusion-controlled or if kinetics can also have some influence [7,17]. Experiments also showed that the flame-zone thickness, which is also an indicator of the pace of the kinetics, varies with each oxidizer [20][21][22]. In the case of CO as the oxidizer, combustion can be heterogeneous [18], which may lead to a kinetically controlled process as surface reactions are expected to be slower than gas-phase reactions.…”

Section: Aluminum-combustion Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Numerical Simulation of Single Aluminum Particle Combustion (Review)

Beckstead

Liang

Pudduppakkam

2005

Combust Explos Shock Waves

144

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A two-dimensional, unsteady-state, kinetic-diffusion-vaporization-controlled numerical model for aluminum particle combustion is presented. The model solves the conservation equations, while accounting for species generation and destruction with a 15-reaction kinetic mechanism. Two of the major phenomena that differentiate aluminum combustion from hydrocarbon-droplet combustion, namely, condensation of the aluminum-oxide product and subsequent deposition of part of the condensed oxide onto the particle, are accounted for in detail with a submodel for each phenomenon. The effect of the oxide cap in the distortion of the species and temperature profiles around the particle is included into the model. The results obtained from the model, which include two-dimensional species and temperature profiles, are analyzed and compared with experimental data. The combustion process is found to approach a diffusion-controlled process for the oxidizers (O 2 , CO 2 , and H 2 O) and conditions treated. The flame-zone location and thickness are found to vary with the oxidizer. The result shows that the exponent of the particle-diameter dependence of the burning time is not a constant and changes from ≈1.2 for smaller-diameter particles to ≈1.9 for larger-diameter particles. Owing to deposition of the aluminum oxide onto the particle surface, the particle velocity oscillates. The effect of pressure is analyzed for a few oxidizers. Key words: aluminum particle, two-dimensional unsteady-state numerical model, kinetic mechanism, effect of the nature of the gaseous oxidizer, condensed oxide, oxide dissociation, oxide cap, burning time, species and temperature fields INTRODUCTIONAluminum has been added to propellants for many years as an extra energy source for the propellant. Thus, research on the combustion mechanism of burning aluminum has been an ongoing effort. A very significant effort was expended in the 1960s and 1970s shortly after the effects of aluminum were first conceived. In an early study, Glassman [1] and Brzustowski and Glassman [2] recognized that metal combustion would be analogous to hydrocarbon-droplet combustion, that the D 2 law ought to be applied, and that ignition and combustion ought to depend on the melting and boiling points of the metal and the oxide. Glassman speculated that ig-

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Section: Modeling Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Section: Modeling Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Aluminum-combustion Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Numerical Simulation of Single Aluminum Particle Combustion (Review)

Beckstead

Liang

Pudduppakkam

2005

Combust Explos Shock Waves

144

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The oxide accumulation on the Al surface is generally considered resulting from the retro-diffusion of gaseous aluminum oxides (AlO, Al 2 O) from the flame to the particle [15,16]. It was also observed that the presence of nitrogen promotes the oxide cap formation, while the addition of inert gases (Ar, He) seems to inhibit it [3,17,18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aluminum combustion in wet and dry CO2: Consequences for surface reactions

Sarou‐Kanian

Rifflet

Millot

et al. 2006

Combustion and Flame

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On AlO Emission Spectroscopy as a Diagnostic in Energetic Materials Testing

Peuker

Lynch

Krier

et al. 2013

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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The emission of AlO is commonly observed in tests involving aluminum combustion in propellants and explosives. Such emission has been used as a signature of combustion, as a tool for measuring ignition and reaction times, and as a thermometer. This paper provides a critical review of methodologies exploiting AlO emission spectroscopy as a quantitative tool in energetics testing. Controlled tests involving aluminized explosives, as well as those using added alumina, are conducted, in which AlO emission is quantified and compared to total oxidation in the final residue. Experimental parameters such as optical depth and fireball confinement are systematically varied to examine the effect on AlO emission. We find that thermometry using AlO remains valid, and a new approach to using low resolution spectra is proposed. However, AlO emission spectroscopy or photometry can be quantitatively correlated to ignition and burning time, or used to infer the presence or absence of aluminum combustion, only under a limited set of circumstances. Factors that limit the ability to use AlO emission quantitatively are discussed in depth.

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PLIF species and ratiometric temperature measurements of aluminum particle combustion in O2, CO2 and N2O oxidizers, and comparison with model calculations

Cited by 90 publications

References 11 publications

Numerical Simulation of Single Aluminum Particle Combustion (Review)

Numerical Simulation of Single Aluminum Particle Combustion (Review)

Aluminum combustion in wet and dry CO2: Consequences for surface reactions

On AlO Emission Spectroscopy as a Diagnostic in Energetic Materials Testing

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