Pliocene/Pleistocene platform facies transition recorded in calciturbidites (Exuma Sound, Bahamas)

Reijmer, John J.G.; Schlager, Wolfgang; Bosscher, H.; Beets, C.; McNeill, Donald F.

doi:10.1016/0037-0738(92)90017-l

Cited by 44 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…For example, trade wind cells and the stable subtropical gyres of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans cause upwelling preferably along the western sides of continents; the formation of the nearequatorial oceanic upwelling belt follows the Intertropical Convergence Zone. Other factors, such as eustacy, tectonics, and sea-floor morphology determine the accommodation space, the extension and the morphology of the carbonate factory (e.g., Handford and Loucks 1993;Reijmer et al 1992). Trophic conditions, temperature, and water energy determine the biotic associations (e.g., Hallock and Schlager 1986).…”

Section: Carbonate Grain Associations As Climate and Latitudinal Indimentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterozoan carbonates in subtropical to tropical settings in the present and past

Westphal

Halfar

Freiwald

2010

Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch)

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Water temperature has received considerable attention as steering factor for the genesis of different types of marine carbonate sediments. However, parameters other than temperature also strongly influence ecosystems and, consequently, the carbonate grain associations in the resulting carbonate rock. Among those factors are biological evolution, water energy, substrate, water chemistry, light penetration, trophic conditions, CO 2 concentrations, and Mg/Ca ratios in the seawater. Increased nutrient levels in warm-water settings, for example, lead to heterotrophicdominated associations that are characteristic of temperate to cool-water carbonates. Failure to recognize the influence of such environmental factors that shift the grain associations towards heterotrophic communities in low latitudes can lead to misinterpretation of climatic conditions in the past. Modern analogues of low-latitude heterozoan carbonates help to recognize and understand past occurrences of heterozoan warm-water carbonates. Careful analysis of such sediments therefore is required in order to achieve robust reconstructions of past climate.

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Section: Carbonate Grain Associations As Climate and Latitudinal Indimentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterozoan carbonates in subtropical to tropical settings in the present and past

Westphal

Halfar

Freiwald

2010

Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch)

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“…The last one is a 40-65 km wide, 200 km long elongated basin, with a depth of 1,200 m in the north to almost 2,000 m in the south (Crevello and Schlager 1980). The Plio/Pleistocene-Holocene sediments in Exuma Sound are characterized by an alternation of periplatform oozes and calciturbidites and calcidebrites (Crevello and Schlager 1980;Reijmer et al 1988Reijmer et al , 1992.…”

Section: Regional Geology and Geographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Compositional variations in calciturbidites and calcidebrites in response to sea-level fluctuations (Exuma Sound, Bahamas)

Reijmer

Palmieri²,

Groen

2012

Facies

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The compositional variation of Pleistocene carbonate gravity deposits from the Exuma Sound Basin, Bahamas, was determined. Two types of gravity deposit were present in the cores of ODP Leg 101, Site 632A, i.e., calciturbidites and calcidebrites. In analogy with earlier studies, the compositional variations in the calciturbidites could be linked to different sources on the carbonate margin, i.e., platform interior, platform edge, and platform slope. Calciturbidites deposited during interglacial, sealevel highstands show a dominance of non-skeletal grains, largely derived from the platform interior, while calciturbidites of glacial, sea-level lowstands, show a dominance of skeletal platform-edge to platform-slope-derived grains. Thus, the calciturbidite composition can be used to reconstruct the position of absolute sea level. In addition, the mud content of the calciturbidites increased after Marine Isotope Stage 11. In contrast, the composition of the calcidebrites remained unaltered through time and showed a clear dominance of platform-edge-derived sediments during varying sea-level positions. The Bahamian carbonate platform is located in a tectonically stable passive-margin setting and the gravity-flow deposits were laid down in an environment exclusively controlled by eustatic sea-level fluctuations. This study shows that all types of gravity-induced carbonate deposits, calciturbidites, and calcidebrites, were deposited in response to global eustatic sea-level variations. The sediment composition could be linked directly to sediment input from specific facies realms along the carbonate platform margin. Hence, sediment composition analysis is a strong tool that may be used to discriminate between gravity-induced deposition triggered by eustatic sea-level changes and that related to tectonic events, when analyzing resedimentation processes in sedimentary basins.

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“…This type of sedimentation was also observed for the Plio-Pleistocene period but differences exist in the sediment nature (texture, composition, colour) compared to the Miocene deposits. These differences have been attributed to the early Pliocene change in platform morphology from a distally steepened ramp to a steep-sided platform (Beach and Ginsburg 1980;Eberli and Ginsburg 1989;Reijmer et al 1992;Betzler et al 1999;Eberli 2000;Reijmer et al 2002). The Miocene carbonate ramp was characterized by a gentle, gradual topography from the top to the slope with a maximal angle of 4° (Eberli et al 1997;Betzler et al 1999).…”

Section: Geological Setting and Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whiting-related sediment export along the Middle Miocene carbonate ramp of Great Bahama Bank

Turpin

Emmanuel²,

Reijmer³

et al. 2011

Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch)

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Modern aragonite needles are present all along the modern leeward margin of Great Bahama Bank (ODP Leg 166), while Middle Miocene sediments contain needles only in more distal areas (Sites 1006 and 1007). In contrast to the rimmed, flat-topped platform topography during the Plio-Pleistocene, the Miocene Great Bahama Bank morphology is a carbonate ramp profile. This might imply a different location and precipitation type for Miocene aragonite needles. In this study, aragonite needles in Miocene sediments were isolated using a granulometric separation method. Furthermore, the isolation of the various carbonate components enables the identification of primary versus diagenetic components. The Miocene aragonite needles are concentrated in the finest granulometric sediment fractions (\12 lm). The fraction-specific geochemical analyses (d 13 C, d 18 O and Sr elemental abundance) represent useful tools to assess the possible sources of the aragonite mud. The geochemical variation of the fractions, rich in pristine aragonite needles, and the characteristics of the needle morphology point to whiting phenomena as the main sediment source and algal fragmentation as a minor component. Both components indicate shallow-water environments as the main sediment source area. Ramp-top-related fine-grained particles now present at distal sites were likely exported as suspended material similar to present-day transport mechanisms. The scarcity of needles at proximal sites is probably linked to hydrodynamic processes but dissolution and recrystallization processes cannot be excluded. The granulometric separation approach applied here enables a better characterization of the finest carbonate particles representing an important step towards the discrimination between primary and diagenetic fine-grained components.

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Pliocene/Pleistocene platform facies transition recorded in calciturbidites (Exuma Sound, Bahamas)

Cited by 44 publications

References 12 publications

Heterozoan carbonates in subtropical to tropical settings in the present and past

Heterozoan carbonates in subtropical to tropical settings in the present and past

Compositional variations in calciturbidites and calcidebrites in response to sea-level fluctuations (Exuma Sound, Bahamas)

Whiting-related sediment export along the Middle Miocene carbonate ramp of Great Bahama Bank

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