Plug-In Hybrid Market Transformation by Leveraging a Niche Market: School Buses

Sadiq, Salman; Pritchard, Ewan; Dulaney, K.; Emadi, Ali

doi:10.1109/vppc.2007.4544173

Cited by 7 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 4 publications

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“…These buses consume 1.1 billion gallons of diesel fuel a year . School districts in 12 states have purchased 19 prototype plug-in hybrid diesel-electric school buses (PHSBs) for evaluation . However, there is lack of a methodology and real-world data for comparing the energy use and emissions of PHSBs versus conventional diesel school buses (CDSBs) on a consistent basis for real-world cycles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Method for In-Use Measurement and Evaluation of the Activity, Fuel Use, Electricity Use, and Emissions of a Plug-In Hybrid Diesel-Electric School Bus

Choi

Frey

2010

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The purpose of this study is to demonstrate a methodology for characterizing at high resolution the energy use and emissions of a plug-in parallel-hybrid diesel-electric school bus (PHSB) to support assessments of sensitivity to driving cycles and comparisons to a conventional diesel school bus (CDSB). Data were collected using onboard instruments for a first-of-a-kind prototype PHSB and a CDSB of the same chassis and engine, operated on actual school bus routes. The engine load was estimated on the basis of vehicle specific power (VSP) and an empirically derived relationship between VSP and engine manifold absolute pressure (MAP). VSP depends on speed, acceleration, and road grade. For the PHSB, the observed electrical discharge or recharge to the traction motor battery was characterized on the basis of VSP. The energy use and emission rates of the PHSB from tailpipe and electricity use were estimated for five real-world driving cycles and compared to the engine fuel use and emissions of the CDSB. The PHSB had the greatest advantage on arterial routes and less advantage on highway or local routes. The coupled VSP-MAP modeling approach enables assessment of a wide variety of driving conditions and comparisons of vehicles with different propulsion technologies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Method for In-Use Measurement and Evaluation of the Activity, Fuel Use, Electricity Use, and Emissions of a Plug-In Hybrid Diesel-Electric School Bus

Choi

Frey

2010

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Can propulsion and fuel diversity for the bus fleet achieve the win–win strategy of energy conservation and environmental protection?

Wang

et al. 2015

Applied Energy

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A multi-level grid interactive bi-directional AC/DC-DC/AC converter and a hybrid battery/ultra-capacitor energy storage system with integrated magnetics for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles

Onar

Kobayashi

Khaligh

2011

2011 Twenty-Sixth Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)

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This study presents a bi-directional multi-level power electronic interface for the grid interactions of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) as well as a novel bi-directional power electronic converter for the combined operation of battery/ultracapacitor hybrid energy storage systems (ESS). The grid interface converter enables beneficial vehicle-to-grid (V2G) interactions in a high power quality and grid friendly manner; i.e, the grid interface converter ensures that all power delivered to/from grid has unity power factor and almost zero current harmonics. The power electronic converter that provides the combined operation of battery/ultra-capacitor system reduces the size and cost of the conventional ESS hybridization topologies while reducing the stress on the battery, prolonging the battery lifetime, and increasing the overall vehicle performance and efficiency. The combination of hybrid ESS is provided through an integrated magnetic structure that reduces the size and cost of the inductors of the ESS converters. Simulation and experimental results are included as prove of the concept presenting the different operation modes of the proposed converters.

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Plug-In Hybrid Market Transformation by Leveraging a Niche Market: School Buses

Cited by 7 publications

References 4 publications

Method for In-Use Measurement and Evaluation of the Activity, Fuel Use, Electricity Use, and Emissions of a Plug-In Hybrid Diesel-Electric School Bus

Method for In-Use Measurement and Evaluation of the Activity, Fuel Use, Electricity Use, and Emissions of a Plug-In Hybrid Diesel-Electric School Bus

Can propulsion and fuel diversity for the bus fleet achieve the win–win strategy of energy conservation and environmental protection?

A multi-level grid interactive bi-directional AC/DC-DC/AC converter and a hybrid battery/ultra-capacitor energy storage system with integrated magnetics for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles

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