PMD measurement of 160-km buried fiber with low DGD

Akasaka, Youichi; Wang, Xi; Lee, Andrew; Davy, Matthew; Naito, T.

doi:10.1109/ofc.2008.4528295

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Mean DGD also similar vibration temporary but it is relatively small compared to that of 1570.16nm. To verify the correlation between temperature and DGD, Figure 2 The clear correlation between DGD and temperature has only rarely been reported [1,2,3,4] and is likely related to the uniform installation environment of the fiber. The measured fiber runs along state highway 37 with only small height changes from one end to the other.…”

Section: Temporal Changes Of Pmd Behaviormentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Several papers have reported correlation between DGD and temperature [1,2,3,4]. Most of them noted that the mean (averaged) DGD over wavelengths has some correlation with ambient temperature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently we reported that the DGD characteristics of installed fibers with long term measurement exhibit wavelength dependencies and somehow temperature dependence [4]. The measurement is still going on and we collected more than 70million data points with about 15000 continuous measurements in order to grasp the entire picture of PMD behavior, including events with probability less than 10 -5 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Positive and negative correlation between ambient temperature and DGD on buried field fiber

Akasaka

Kim

Lee

et al. 2008

OECC/ACOFT 2008 - Joint Conference of the Opto-Electronics and Communications Conference and the Australian Conference on Optic

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Section: Temporal Changes Of Pmd Behaviormentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Positive and negative correlation between ambient temperature and DGD on buried field fiber

Akasaka

Kim

Lee

et al. 2008

OECC/ACOFT 2008 - Joint Conference of the Opto-Electronics and Communications Conference and the Australian Conference on Optic

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“…There are two types of event occurrence modes on DGD and the dominant case could be correlated with ambient temperature changes and temporal wavelength dependency. [2]. Averaged DGD is 0.494 ps (0.039 ps/ p km) and maximum DGD is 1.51 ps.…”

mentioning

confidence: 89%

“…As reported in [2][3][4], we have undertaken long-term field fibre PMD measurements in Indiana, USA. Those measurements, which are the latest, very fast, and accurate measurement technologies, gave us new insights of PMD phenomena such as wavelength dependency, positive and negative correlation with temperature, and so on.…”

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confidence: 99%

Linkage between polarisation characteristics over two different patterns of instantaneous large DGD occurrence

et al. 2009

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Through long-term field fibre PMD measurement, two occurrence patterns of large instantaneous differential group delays (DGDs), of less than 10 25 probability, were observed. Most high DGD occurrences, which continue more than hours in limited bandwidth, clearly show positive correlation with ambient temperature even though most of the fibres are buried; and only an emergent spike, which seems not to relate to temperature, was also recorded. In both patterns, secondorder polarisation mode dispersion on the wavelength at the same timing has local maximum values with the same occurrence patterns, but PDL does not have local maximum values on the wavelength at the same timing.Introduction: Recent advanced transmission schemes have successfully increased their polarisation mode dispersion (PMD) tolerance significantly [1], even if PMD is difficult to handle owing to its statistical behaviour caused by environmental influence. Beyond the PMD limitation overcome with recent advances in electrical solutions, the PMD phenomenon still gives us more severe conditions (high instantaneous DGD) with very low probability, less than 10 25 . Usually these rare events are allowed because the happenings are less than 6 min per year in calculation. However, this duration is assumed for all channels over wavelengths. Therefore, it may occur in a limited bandwidth (for a few channels) with more than a few hours, practically owing to wavelength dependency. To consider the degraded conditions, it is important to grasp the causes of very high instantaneous DGD.As reported in [2-4], we have undertaken long-term field fibre PMD measurements in Indiana, USA. Those measurements, which are the latest, very fast, and accurate measurement technologies, gave us new insights of PMD phenomena such as wavelength dependency, positive and negative correlation with temperature, and so on. At the same time, huge amounts of data, more than 70 million in the continuous measurements, made us analyse the data points of the rare events, which had not been well reported before.In this study, we investigated polarisation characteristics such as DGD, second-order PMD (SOPMD) and polarisation dependent loss (PDL) when DGD would take higher instantaneous values with a very low probability of less than 10 25 . There are two types of event occurrence modes on DGD and the dominant case could be correlated with ambient temperature changes and temporal wavelength dependency.

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Temperature influence on polarization effects in optical fibers

Santos

Borghi

Faria

2012

Micro & Optical Tech Letters

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The differential group delay (DGD) behavior of single‐mode optical fibers was analyzed with regards to temperature variation. It was observed that the DGD curve shape along the wavelength axis could change if the fiber was submitted to high‐temperature values. The study was carried out under laboratory conditions. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:2070–2074, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com.). DOI 10.1002/mop.27038

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PMD measurement of 160-km buried fiber with low DGD

Cited by 6 publications

References 4 publications

Positive and negative correlation between ambient temperature and DGD on buried field fiber

Positive and negative correlation between ambient temperature and DGD on buried field fiber

Linkage between polarisation characteristics over two different patterns of instantaneous large DGD occurrence

Temperature influence on polarization effects in optical fibers

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