PMMA Microspheres for Intradermal Implantation: Part I. Animal Research

Lemperle, Gottfried; Ott, Harald C.; Charrier, Ulrich; Hecker, Joachim; Lemperle, Martin

doi:10.1097/00000637-199101000-00009

Cited by 99 publications

(78 citation statements)

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“…60 The acrylic acid and its derivates were well known since 1890, but it was only in 1901 that solid and transparent acrylic acid polymers were made available. 61 Polymethilmethacrylate was first synthetised in 1902.…”

Section: Polymethilmethacrylatementioning

confidence: 99%

“…66 Experiences in animals have shown that the keys to biocompatibility with the skin are the spheric shape of the particle, its smooth and regular surface and the size of the polymethilmethacrylate microspheres. 60,67 The size of the molecules is important because very small particles can be easily phagocytised and the bigger ones do not easily pass through size 26 needle. The repeated washing of the microspheres reduces the impurities and renders the product more tolerable by reducing the number of foreign body giant cells around the injected PMMA particles.…”

Section: Polymethilmethacrylatementioning

confidence: 99%

“…This study attributes the resistance to phagocytosis to the smooth surface of the particles and reports that, after 4 months, a delicate fibrous capsule is formed around each particle, which prevents the moving of the implanted material. 60 However, McClelland and collaborators suggest that PMMA in heterologue collagen have the capacity to evoke immune response and that the microspheres are susceptible to phagocytosis and elimination. 72 A permanent and long lasting result is expected in any case.…”

Section: Polymethilmethacrylatementioning

confidence: 99%

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Lipoatrofia facial associada ao HIV/AIDS: do advento aosconhecimentos atuais

Soares¹,

Costa

2011

An. Bras. Dermatol.

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Abstract:The advent of AIDS has brought new challenges to Dermatology. Antiretroviral therapy dramatically changed the morbidity and mortality associated with HIV / AIDS, but contributed to the emergence of other new situations that require adequate approach by the dermatologist. The HIV / AIDS Associated Lipodystrophy Syndrome is multifactorial in origin, but it is strongly associated with the use of antiretroviral drugs. It includes changes in body fat distribution, with or without metabolic changes. The loss of facial fat, called facial lipoatrophy, is one of the most stigmatizing signs of the syndrome. This condition, often revealing of the disease, brought back the stigma of AIDS. It is necessary that the specialists working with patients with HIV / AIDS identify these changes and seek treatment options, amongst which stands out the implant with polymethylmethacrylate, which is available for the treatment of HIV / AIDS facial lipoatrophy in the Brazilian Public Health System. Keywords: Ambulatory surgical procedures; HIV; HIV-associated lipodystrophy syndrome; Polymethyl methacrylate; Therapeutics Resumo: O advento da AIDS trouxe novos desafios para a Dermatologia. A terapia antirretroviral mudou drasticamente a morbimortalidade associada à infecção pelo HIV/AIDS, mas contribuiu para o surgimento de outras novas situações que exigem abordagem adequada do dermatologista. A Síndrome Lipodistrófica Associada ao HIV/AIDS tem origem multifatorial, mas está fortemente associada ao uso dos antirretrovirais. Compreende alterações na distribuição da gordura corporal, acompanhada ou não de alterações metabólicas. A perda da gordura da face, chamada lipoatrofia facial, é dos sinais mais estigmatizantes da síndrome. Esta condição, muitas vezes reveladora da doença, trouxe de volta o estigma da AIDS. É necessário que os especialistas que atuam com pacientes com HIV/AIDS identifiquem estas alterações e busquem opções de tratamento, dentre as quais se destaca o implante com polimetilmetacrilato, que é disponibilizado para tratamento da lipoatrofia facial associada ao HIV/AIDS no Sistema Único de Saúde.

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Section: Polymethilmethacrylatementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Polymethilmethacrylatementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Polymethilmethacrylatementioning

confidence: 99%

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Lipoatrofia facial associada ao HIV/AIDS: do advento aosconhecimentos atuais

Soares¹,

Costa

2011

An. Bras. Dermatol.

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“…For these purposes, the ideal material should be biocompatible, safe, and stable at the implantation site; additionally, this material should not cause protrusion through the skin or mucosa, as well as, should induce only minimal reactions against the foreign body, as phagocytosis-resistant and lose the potential to migrate to distant body sites. Moreover, this material should be inert in body fluids and easily manipulated during surgery; above all, it should not induce rejection or late complications [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some studies have shown that polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) is biocompatible, does not generate an inflammatory response when implanted under the skin, and remains at the implantation site for long periods [11,18,19]. Because of its small number of side effects and its lasting results, PMMA is believed to be a good solution for dermal filling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of Migration and Tissue Reactions to Intraperitoneally Implanted Polymethyl Methacrylate in Wistar Rats

Fc¹,

Acl²,

A³

2016

J Clin Exp Dermatol Res

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Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the performance of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) when implanted into the peritoneal cavities of Wistar rats, specifically its potential for migration to the examined organs and possible tissue reactions at the implantation site.Methods: Adult male Wistar rats (290-400 g) were distributed randomly into 2 groups: P4 (n=20), to which 0.4 mL of PMMA was administered; and P2 (n= 0), to which was 2 mL of PMMA were administered. These groups were subsequently divided into 4 subgroups according to the day on which euthanasia occurred (day 1, 7, 14, or 28). Results:The changes in animal weight prior to PMMA implantation and after euthanasia were compared. No nodules or signs of PMMA implantation or any other macroscopic alterations were observed in the spleen, kidneys, lungs, or liver. However, mild-to-moderate inflammatory infiltration in which macrophages, lymphocytes, and neutrophils predominated was observed in at least 1 of the 4 organs examined from each animal during the experimental time points. Mild inflammatory responses were observed that were rich in histiocytes and giant cells and featured increased numbers of blood vessels and fibroblasts in the pericapsular regions of the studied organs. In 29 cases, a greyish material compatible with PMMA was identified. There was no migration of PMMA into the parenchyma of the examined organs. The changes in the tissues were the same regardless of the volume of implanted PMMA. Following staining with HE, the PMMA particles in the tissues were a grayish color, measuring approximately 30-40 µm in size, and were found to have stimulated histiocytic reactions in 29 examined organs. Conclusions:The results showed that the most affected tissues were the visceral peritoneum of the spleen and the kidneys from group P2. Our study may contribute to add a new proof of testing implants.

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