PMU Based Frequency Regulation Paradigm for Multi-Area Power Systems Reliability Improvement

Rodrigues, Yuri R.; Abdelaziz, Morad; Wang, Liwei; Kamwa, Innocent

doi:10.1109/tpwrs.2021.3066382

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Moreover, note that the model only needs data from the feature subset in the online application stage, which means that the PMU does not cover the entire power system. Because PMUs are expensive, this can increase the economy of the ML system in online applications [ 60 ]. Finally, online updating of the database and retraining of the model can be carried out hourly or daily to adapt to various system operation situations [ 27 ].…”

Section: Overall Process Of the Proposed Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency Stability Prediction of Power Systems Using Vision Transformer and Copula Entropy

Liu

Han

et al. 2022

Entropy

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This paper addresses the problem of frequency stability prediction (FSP) following active power disturbances in power systems by proposing a vision transformer (ViT) method that predicts frequency stability in real time. The core idea of the FSP approach employing the ViT is to use the time-series data of power system operations as ViT inputs to perform FSP accurately and quickly so that operators can decide frequency control actions, minimizing the losses caused by incidents. Additionally, due to the high-dimensional and redundant input data of the power system and the O(N2) computational complexity of the transformer, feature selection based on copula entropy (CE) is used to construct image-like data with fixed dimensions from power system operation data and remove redundant information. Moreover, no previous FSP study has taken safety margins into consideration, which may threaten the secure operation of power systems. Therefore, a frequency security index (FSI) is used to form the sample labels, which are categorized as “insecurity”, “relative security”, and “absolute security”. Finally, various case studies are carried out on a modified New England 39-bus system and a modified ACTIVSg500 system for projected 0% to 40% nonsynchronous system penetration levels. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves state-of-the-art (SOTA) performance on normal, noisy, and incomplete datasets in comparison with eight machine-learning methods.

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Section: Overall Process Of the Proposed Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency Stability Prediction of Power Systems Using Vision Transformer and Copula Entropy

Liu

Han

et al. 2022

Entropy

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“…As (11) illustrates, the operating power of the IAC is changed by the deviations of the set temperature of the IAC, the temperature in the room, and the regulation signal. Since the IAC operating power should be controlled in a short time for the regulation purpose, it is convincing to suppose that the IAC set remains constant in such a short period [19].…”

Section: B Reserve Capability Of Iacsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intelligent Power Control of Inverter Air Conditioners in Power Systems: A Brain Emotional Learning-Based Approach

Oshnoei

Sadeghian

Anvari‐Moghaddam

2023

IEEE Trans. Power Syst.

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Inverter air-conditioning (IAC) units have been proved to be effective in frequency regulation by providing flexible capacities. This paper proposes a brain emotional learning (BEL)-based controller to provide the IACs with control signals to be efficiently involved in the frequency regulation in power systems. The BEL-based controller can learn quickauto, making it appropriate in systems facing uncertainty. To assess the BEL controller performance in realistic conditions, the uncertainties as a consequence of variations in system parameters and load level are considered. The goal is to use the BEL controller to increase the IAC units' ability to track regulation signals accurately in uncertain circumstances. The controller is compared to a fuzzy-PI control, a proportional control scheme, a model predictive control and a linear quadratic regulator control. A delay-dependent stability criterion is used to calculate the highest time delay in the IACs response under which the system maintains stability. In addition, this paper presents an BEL-based coordinator to coordinate the IACs and traditional generation units for compensating considerable frequency variations caused by the time delays. Case studies are accomplished on a multi-area power system in MATLAB/Simulink environment. Eventually, real-time verifications by OPAL-RT real-time digital simulator on the simulated power system are executed to assess the control method.

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“…A unique measurement-based controller that integrates primary and secondary regulation is presented to accomplish this. First, utilising dynamic data acquisition and the synchronised measurements of PMUs, unique centralised corrective measures are established [12]. Several research studies on the interconnected power system reliability have been conducted in the past to determine the reliable status of the assisted area.…”

Section: A C C E P T E Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The PMU and tie-line states probability model is for obtaining the reliability of the network during such abnormalities. Equation (11)(12) represents the mathematical formula for evaluation of reliability indices during anomaly situations.…”

Section: Reliability Parameter Formulation For Interconnected Synchro...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tie-line modelling in interconnected synchrophasor network for monitoring grid observability, cyber intrusion and reliability

Yadav

Mahajan

2022

Eng. rev. (Online)

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The incorporation of a tie-line between two areas may be beneficial in two ways. First, the reserve capacity of the assisting area support to the assisted area, and second, the number of Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) requirements will become smaller for complete observability of the interconnected grid. The objective function is formulated to integrate the observability and reliability analysis for the two interconnected synchrophasor networks. The effect of Zero Injection Bus (ZIB) is included in the observability constraints to reduce the number of PMUs deployed in the system. The number of optimal PMU deployments will be greater for two interconnected systems in comparison with a single area. Therefore, interconnected systems become more vulnerable to cyber risk. The paper discusses the cumulative analysis of system observability and reliability during an anomaly situation that occurs with a PMU device due to a cyber-attack. The reliability indices Interconnected System Load Interruption Probability (ISLIP) and Interconnected System Demand Not Supplied (ISDNS) are evaluated when an anomaly occurs with optimally deployed PMU in the network by including and excluding the effect of ZIB. By doing so, the most reliable location for PMU deployment can be obtained for both the area. Reliability Test System (RTS)-24 bus is used for each area to modify the test system by incorporating tie-lines between them.

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PMU Based Frequency Regulation Paradigm for Multi-Area Power Systems Reliability Improvement

Cited by 10 publications

References 19 publications

Frequency Stability Prediction of Power Systems Using Vision Transformer and Copula Entropy

Frequency Stability Prediction of Power Systems Using Vision Transformer and Copula Entropy

Intelligent Power Control of Inverter Air Conditioners in Power Systems: A Brain Emotional Learning-Based Approach

Tie-line modelling in interconnected synchrophasor network for monitoring grid observability, cyber intrusion and reliability

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