Pneumatosis intestinalis in a child with nephrotic syndrome and norovirus gastroenteritis

Chan, Winnie Kwai-Yu; Lee, Kwok Wai; Fan, Tsz Wo

doi:10.1007/s00467-010-1478-1

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(17 reference statements)

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“…Pneumatosis intestinalis is another rare cause of abdominal pain in nephrotic patients, described in 3 adults and 1 child [31][32][33][34]. It is a condition characterized by the linear or cystic accumulation of gas within the gastrointestinal wall.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acute abdominal pain and nephrotic syndrome: pediatric case reports and review of the literature

et al. 2021

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Background Acute abdominal pain in nephrotic syndrome (NS) is a well-known clinical symptom and is mainly related to peritonitis. The presence, although rare, of red umbilicus may guide the diagnosis as a suggestive sign of peritonitis also in the non-neonatal period. Instead, the association between intussusception and NS is quite limited. We reviewed all published cases in the literature, and to our knowledge, this is one of the few pediatric cases of spontaneous resolution of intussusception in the setting of NS. Finally, a review of the causes of abdominal pain during the course of NS was made. Cases presentation We report two pediatric patient cases who complained of acute abdominal pain during a relapse episode of their NS. The first case is a 4-year-old boy with NS (fourth relapse) who presented with acute abdominal pain, ascites, and red umbilicus. Our suspect of primary peritonitis was clinically confirmed because of the subsequent appearance of the classical peritoneal signs. The second case is a 4-year-old boy who developed an ileo-ileal intussusception during the treatment of his first NS relapse, with spontaneous reduction. Conclusions Gastrointestinal disorders are frequently encountered in the course of NS. The appearance of acute abdominal pain in children with NS requires quick management, both clinical and instrumental. A multidisciplinary team approach needs to be encouraged to lead to an accurate diagnosis and a correct treatment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[20] Ete et al [21] Al-Mardini and Hddad [26] Kelly et al [15] Present case involvement. Gut edema, the use of immunosuppressive and preceding viral gastroenteritis are possible predisposing factors [31].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute abdominal pain and nephrotic syndrome: pediatric case reports and review of the literature

et al. 2021

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“…This virus is transmitted through the fecaleoral route and usually causes acute self-limiting gastrointestinal infections. Norovirus infection is also associated with many clinical symptoms, such as necrotizing enterocolitis, infantile epileptic encephalopathy, emphysema enteropathy, and sporadic intravascular coagulation (Chan et al, 2010; Centers for disease control and prevention 2002; Medici et al, 2010;Turcios-Ruiz et al, 2008). In developing countries, norovirus infection causes approximately 200,000 deaths of children fewer than 5 years old each year (Hall et al, 2013).…”

Section: Norovirusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological HRPs in wastewater

Jia

Zhang

2020

High-Risk Pollutants in Wastewater

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“…Norovirus gastroenteritis has recently been identified as a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the immunocompromised, and can result in long-term persistent disease (reviewed by Bok & Green, 2012). Norovirus infection has also been associated with a number of more significant clinical outcomes: necrotizing enterocolitis (Turcios-Ruiz et al , 2008), seizures in infants (Medici et al , 2010), encephalopathy (Ito et al , 2006), pneumatosis intestinalis (Chan et al , 2010; Kim et al , 2011) and disseminated intravascular coagulation (CDC, 2002), to name but a few. In developing countries, an estimated 200 000 deaths in children <5 years of age are thought to be due to norovirus infections (Patel et al , 2008) and they have recently been reported as the second leading cause of gastroenteritis-related deaths in the USA, typically resulting in 797 deaths per annum (Hall et al , 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Norovirus gene expression and replication

Thorne

Goodfellow

2014

Journal of General Virology

235

259

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Noroviruses are small, positive-sense RNA viruses within the family Caliciviridae, and are now accepted widely as a major cause of acute gastroenteritis in both developed and developing countries. Despite their impact, our understanding of the life cycle of noroviruses has lagged behind that of other RNA viruses due to the inability to culture human noroviruses (HuNVs). Our knowledge of norovirus biology has improved significantly over the past decade as a result of numerous technological advances. The use of a HuNV replicon, improved biochemical and cellbased assays, combined with the discovery of a murine norovirus capable of replication in cell culture, has improved greatly our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of norovirus genome translation and replication, as well as the interaction with host cell processes. In this review, the current state of knowledge of the intracellular life of noroviruses is discussed with particular emphasis on the mechanisms of viral gene expression and viral genome replication. IntroductionThe prototype norovirus, Norwalk virus, was first described in 1972 as the aetiological agent responsible for an outbreak of acute gastroenteritis in an elementary school in Norwalk, OH, USA (Kapikian, 2000). Noroviruses are now accepted as a leading cause of gastroenteritis in developed and developing countries (Glass et al., 2009;Hall et al., 2013). Spread primarily via the faecal-oral route, norovirus infections are typically an acute self-limiting gastrointestinal infection. Norovirus gastroenteritis has recently been identified as a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the immunocompromised, and can result in long-term persistent disease (reviewed by Bok & Green, 2012). Norovirus infection has also been associated with a number of more significant clinical outcomes: necrotizing enterocolitis (Turcios-Ruiz et al., 2008), seizures in infants (Medici et al., 2010), encephalopathy (Ito et al., 2006), pneumatosis intestinalis (Chan et al., 2010;Kim et al., 2011) and disseminated intravascular coagulation (CDC, 2002), to name but a few. In developing countries, an estimated 200 000 deaths in children ,5 years of age are thought to be due to norovirus infections (Patel et al., 2008) and they have recently been reported as the second leading cause of gastroenteritis-related deaths in the USA, typically resulting in 797 deaths per annum (Hall et al., 2013). Despite their significant impact, noroviruses remain one of the most poorly characterized groups of RNA viruses, due largely to the fact that, despite numerous attempts (Duizer et al., 2004;Papafragkou et al., 2013; Takanashi et al., 2013), human noroviruses (HuNVs) have yet to be cultured efficiently in cell culture.Noroviruses are members of the family Caliciviridae of small, positive-sense RNA viruses, which is divided currently into five genera: Vesivirus, Lagovirus, Nebovirus, Sapovirus and Norovirus. Members of the genera Norovirus and Sapovirus are able to infect humans and cause gastroenteritis. The genus Norovirus is s...

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Pneumatosis intestinalis in a child with nephrotic syndrome and norovirus gastroenteritis

Cited by 4 publications

References 14 publications

Acute abdominal pain and nephrotic syndrome: pediatric case reports and review of the literature

Acute abdominal pain and nephrotic syndrome: pediatric case reports and review of the literature

Biological HRPs in wastewater

Norovirus gene expression and replication

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