A highly organized molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) (Fig. 1) provides amazing selective molecular-recognition ability, which is an imitation of natural enzymes and antibodies. Many researchers have challenged themselves to make artificial molecular recognition materials for the selective separation and/or detection of targeting compounds in environmental or biological samples. Since Mosbach and co-wokers launched the present concept of MIP, we have created a variety of intelligent materials.
1-3Mainly, MIP-based materials are utilized for selective adsorption in solid-phase extraction (SPE). 4,5 Li et al. reported MIP with mesoporous siliceous materials modified by betainebased deep eutectic solvents. Six materials were employed as SPE adsorbents for the rapid purification of levofloxacin. 6 Thus, MIP showed highly-selective recovery (95.2%) for levofloxacin from green bean extract, and could remove interference effectively.As another trend in MIPs, core-shell-type nanoparticles have been widely used with several modification techniques.7 Zhang et al. described surface MIP for the selective recognition of pneumocandin B0 (PNB0). Methacrylic acid MAA was first grafted onto silica-gel particles in the manner of "grafting from" by using 3-methacryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane as an intermedium, and then PNB0 molecules were imprinted on the surface of the obtained particles in the presence of ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether as a cross-linker. 8 The hybrid particle showed relatively quick adsorption kinetics and decent recognition affinity toward the template over its structurally related compounds. Feng et al. indicated novel magnetic imprinted composites through a facile method using a sulfadimethoxines template.
9The inorganic magnetic nanoparticles were linked with the organic MIP through an irreversibly covalent bond. By adopting the magnetic MIP composites as extraction material, an off-line magnetic SPE/ HPLC method was established.Another significant application of MIPs is sensor technology by electrochemical and fluorescence detections. [10][11][12][13] Zhai et al. reported electrochemical imprinted sensors for the determination of ascorbic acid. Nanofiber membranes of cellulose acetate/ multi-walled carbon nanotubes/polyvinylpyrrolidone were prepared by an electrospinning technique.14 Hu et al. reported an ion imprinted polymer by using Pb(II) as a template, and applied it to prepare a lead ion-selective voltammetric sensor for Pb(II) adsorption and trace detection.15 Then, the MIP exhibited a favorable selectivity for Pb(II), compared with other heavy metal ions of Hg(II), Cd(II), Cu(II), and a negligible adsorption to other cations. Zhou et al. prepared a quantum dot-based MIP, and successfully utilized it as a fluorescent probe for highly selective and sensitive detection of carbofuran in water samples. 17 First, BHb MIPs were successfully synthesized with magnetic Fe3O4@Au nanoparticles as a carrier by surface modification of mercapto propionic acid for introducing carboxyl groups, combined with dopam...