Pneumocephalus as a Consequence of Barotrauma

Goldmann, Robert W.

doi:10.1001/jama.1986.03370220116039

Cited by 62 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Other causes include tumours, nasogastric tube insertion, bag-mask ventilation, nasotracheal intubation, use of continuous positive airways pressure in patients with head and facial injuries, transphenoidal surgery [7], insertion of a shunt [8], epidural and spinal anaesthesia, lumbar puncture, nitrous oxide anaesthesia and chronic otitis media [1,6,9]. The three previous reports of barotrauma causing pneumocephalus, which were in young adults, occurred in a pilot while flying and in two divers during rapid ascent [6,9,10].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of the remaining 15% are at higher risk of infection because a dural tear with cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhoea figures prominently in this group. A further complication is tension pneumocephalus, which requires surgical drainage of the air [6]. Particular care is needed if lumbar puncture is considered necessary when there are features of meningitis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The condition can be shown by plain skull X-rays with as little as 2 ml of air in the head, while a CT brain scan can demonstrate as little as 0.55 ml [6]. MRI head scans are being used increasingly, as they are more likely to show the site of any CSF fistula.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Case report. Acute confusion secondary to pneumocephalus in an elderly patient

Chan

Yau²,

Lewis³

et al. 2000

Age and Ageing

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Presentation: an 83-year-old man was admitted to hospital with acute confusion 3 days after a direct flight from Australia. Outcome: computed tomography (CT) brain scan and magnetic resonance imaging head scan revealed the cause to be pneumocephalus, apparently the result of barotrauma caused by Valsalva manoeuvres when he attempted to unblock his nose during the flight. After 5 days of nursing in the vertical position the patient's Abbreviated Mental Score returned to normal. A CT brain scan 6 weeks later showed complete resolution of the pneumocephalus.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Case report. Acute confusion secondary to pneumocephalus in an elderly patient

Chan

Yau²,

Lewis³

et al. 2000

Age and Ageing

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“…Singh reported one with Valsalva's maneuver. (6,25) Other possible aetiologies could be minor head trauma in past, history of otomastoiditis, faulty embryogenesis leading to eningoencephalocele which produces arachnoid granulations and adhesions in tegmen tympani. (20.29) Spontaneous pneumocephalus and hyperpneumatisation of skull bone could be interrelated.…”

Section: Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

A spontaneous Pneumocephalus and Hyperpneumatisation of occipital bone and atlas vertebra: a case report.

Sawant¹

2016

IOSR

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“…In seltenen Fällen übersteigt der Verschlussdruck der Ostien die Widerstandskräfte der knöchernen Begrenzung der Nebenhöhlen. In der Folge kann sich die Luft in die umgebenden Weichteile, die Orbita [3] oder nach intrakraniell ausbreiten [5] oder den 5. Hirnnerven schädigen [12].…”

Section: Nasennebenhöhlenunclassified

Tauchmedizinische Aspekte in der HNO-Heilkunde

Klingmann

Wallner

2004

HNO

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There has been a steady increase in the number of recreational scuba divers in the last years, with a growing number of diving associated diseases involving ENT medicine. Disorders of the ears, sinuses and pharynx are those most common in divers. In particular, external otitis and barotrauma of the middle ear are commonly treated by every ENT specialist. They usually do not lead to any permanent complaints. Incidents involving the cochleovestibular system are less common, but can result in deafness, vertigo and tinnitus, and therefore have to be treated appropriately. To treat diving medical disorders, the physician has to have some basic understanding of the physical laws that lead to diving incidents. This article will inform the reader of the forces that are encountered by divers, and then give details of the treatment of acute ENT diseases which result from diving incidents.

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Pneumocephalus as a Consequence of Barotrauma

Cited by 62 publications

References 9 publications

Case report. Acute confusion secondary to pneumocephalus in an elderly patient

Case report. Acute confusion secondary to pneumocephalus in an elderly patient

A spontaneous Pneumocephalus and Hyperpneumatisation of occipital bone and atlas vertebra: a case report.

Tauchmedizinische Aspekte in der HNO-Heilkunde

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