Pneumococcal carriage among children in low and lower-middle-income countries: A systematic review

Tvedskov, Ellen Signe Filtenborg; Hovmand, Nichlas; Benfield, Thomas; Tinggaard, Michaela

doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2021.11.021

Cited by 17 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…La transmisión de serotipos vacunales ha disminuido después de la introducción de PCV10 y PCV13, confirmando la importancia de estas en los programas de vacunación a nivel mundial. (14,15) Sin embargo, luego de años de introducción de las PCV se ha observado el fenómeno de reemplazo: la reducción en la incidencia de infecciones causadas por los serotipos incluidos en las vacunas y el incremento de los serotipos no vacunales. En la actualidad, nuevas vacunas están en desarrollo y el objetivo principal es ampliar la protección frente a serotipos no incluidos en las PCV autorizadas.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

La importancia de la vacunación contra Streptococcus pneumoniae: reporte de caso

Figueroa

Malina

Murillo

et al. 2022

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Antecedentes: Streptococcus pneumoniae (neumococo) es la principal causa de neumonía y meningitis en la población pediátrica. Se han identificado más de 100 serotipos de neumococo. Los serotipos prevalentes varían según las regiones y estos datos epidemiológicos son tomados en cuenta en el desarrollo de nuevas vacunas. Las vacunas frente a neumococo han tenido un gran impacto en la reducción de la enfermedad. Descripción del caso clínico: lactante masculino, sin antecedentes personales patológicos, inmigrante, con esquema de vacunación incompleto. Ingresa con historia de tos, fiebre y dificultad respiratoria de 5 días de evolución. Radiografía de tórax: consolidación en lóbulo medio y derrame pleural derecho. En el Gram y cultivo de líquido pleural: se identifica Streptococcus pneumoniae como patógeno causal. Conclusiones: se presenta un paciente sin antecedente de vacunación contra neumococo, en el que se identificó neumonía complicada con empiema por S. pneumoniae. La intervención más costoefectiva para reducir la carga de enfermedad neumocócica es la vacunación. Posterior a la introducción de las vacunas a los programas nacionales de vacunación, ocurre el fenómeno de reemplazo de serotipos circulantes, de acá surge la importancia del desarrollo de vacunas que amplien la protección frente a serotipos no incluidos en las vacunas actuales.

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Section: Discussionunclassified

La importancia de la vacunación contra Streptococcus pneumoniae: reporte de caso

Figueroa

Malina

Murillo

et al. 2022

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“…Commensal carriage of pneumococci in the upper respiratory tract is the source of transmission and a necessary precursor to pneumococcal diseases [3]. Children aged 2-4 years are widely understood to serve as the primary reservoir for pneumococcal transmission, with pediatric carriage prevalence estimates spanning 17-90% across various settings [4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictors of upper respiratoryStreptococcus pneumoniaecolonization among working-age adults with prevalent exposure to overcrowding

Parker,

Jackson,

Awasthi

et al. 2024

Preprint

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BackgroundThe epidemiology of adult pneumococcal carriage remains poorly understood. We assessed risk factors for pneumococcal carriage among adults in socioeconomically-disadvantaged farmworker communities with prevalent overcrowding.MethodsFrom July-November 2020, we administered surveys and collected saliva from working-age adults within clinical and community settings throughout Monterey County, California. We detected pneumococci via qPCR assays targetinglytAandpiaBgenes. We evaluated predictors of pneumococcal carriage detection via conditional logistic regression.ResultsAmong 1,283 participants, 117 (9.1%) had any detectable pneumococcal carriage and 53 (4.1%) carried pneumococci at a higher density threshold (lytAandpiaBcT<35). Pneumococcal carriage was more common among individuals of lower socioeconomic status, as signified by indigenous background (odds ratio [OR]=3.94 [95% confidence interval: 2.36-6.60]), engagement in fieldwork (OR=2.01 [1.12-3.63]), and lacking high school-level education (OR=0.48 [0.26-0.90]). Within the household, carriers were more likely than non-carriers to be exposed to children aged <5 years (OR=1.45 [0.95-2.20]), and to be exposed to crowding (OR=1.48 [0.96-2.30] and 2.84 [1.20-6.73], respectively, for participants living in households with >2-4 and >4 persons per bedroom vs. ≤2 persons per bedroom). Household crowding was independently associated with increased risk of carriage among participants not exposed to children aged <5 years (OR=2.05 [1.18-3.59] for participants living in households with >2 vs. ≤2 persons per bedroom). Exposure to children aged <5 years and exposure to household crowding were each associated with increased pneumococcal density among carriers (piaBcTdifference of 2.04 [0.36-3.73] and 2.44 [0.80-4.11], respectively).ConclusionsWhile exposure to young children was an important risk factor for pneumococcal carriage, the association of crowding with increased risk of carriage in households without young children suggests transmission among adults may also occur in crowded congregate settings.

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“…However, as of 2022, low- and middle-income countries, including Thailand, had yet to implement pneumococcal vaccines into their national immunization programme [5] . Asymptomatic carriage precedes either PDs or IPDs, with a colonization rate in children ranging from 26.7% to 90.7% [6] , whereas in high-risk adults, the rate can reach 20% [7] , [8] or 32.9%–41.7% [9] . Carriage is considered to be a prerequisite for clinical infections.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pneumococcal carriage among high-risk adults in a country with nonmandatory pneumococcal vaccination during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic

Ngamprasertchai

Rattanaumpawan

Kaewkungwal

et al. 2023

Journal of Infection and Public Health

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Pneumococcal carriage among children in low and lower-middle-income countries: A systematic review

Cited by 17 publications

References 30 publications

La importancia de la vacunación contra Streptococcus pneumoniae: reporte de caso

La importancia de la vacunación contra Streptococcus pneumoniae: reporte de caso

Predictors of upper respiratoryStreptococcus pneumoniaecolonization among working-age adults with prevalent exposure to overcrowding

Pneumococcal carriage among high-risk adults in a country with nonmandatory pneumococcal vaccination during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic

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