Pneumonia in HIV-Infected Patients

Önür, Seda Tural; Dalar, Levent; Iliaz, Sinem; Yalçın, Arzu Didem

doi:10.5152/ejp.2016.81894

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…In fact, the most common etiological agents are bacteria. 3 Bacterial pneumonia is well known to occur at an elevated incidence in individuals living with HIV. 4 Patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and HIV infection at the beginning of the HIV outbreak have a documented rise in the rate of bacterial infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacteriology of community-acquired pneumonia, antimicrobial susceptibility pattern and associated risk factors among HIV patients, Northeast Ethiopia: cross-sectional study

et al. 2023

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Objective: Pneumonia is an opportunistic infection and it is a major cause of mortality and morbidity among human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome-positive patients. Previous studies have shown the dominant pathogens bacterial isolates were K. pneumoniae 27.0%, S. aureus 20.8%, S. pneumoniae 18.8% and E. coli 8.3%. This study aimed to determine bacteriology of community-acquired pneumonia, antimicrobial susceptibility pattern and associated risk factors among human immunodeficiency virus patients in the Northeast Ethiopia: cross-sectional study. Methods: A health facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from January to April 2021 at six health facilities in Dessie Town. A total of 378 community-acquired pneumonia patients suspected to be human immunodeficiency virus-positive were recruited using a consecutive sampling technique. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected using a structured questionnaire. A two-milliliter sputum specimen was collected aseptically from each study participant. Samples were cultivated on blood agar, chocolate agar and MacConkey agar to isolate bacterial pathogens. To identify bacteria pathogens Gram stain, colony morphology and biochemical tests were performed. The Kirby-Bauer Disc Diffusion method was used to perform the antimicrobial susceptibility test. Descriptive statistics, logistic regression analysis was carried out using Statistical package for social science version 25 software. p-value < 0.05 with a corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) was considered for statistical significance. Result: The overall prevalence of bacterial pneumonia was 175 (46.3%). Gram-negative bacteria accounted for 119 (68%) and the predominant isolates identified were Streptococcus pneumoniae 49 (28%) followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae 46 (26.3%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 34 (19.4%). There were 148 (84.6%) multidrug-resistant bacteria overall. Statistically significant factors included viral load, cigarette smoking, cluster of differentiation 4 count, alcohol use, World Health Organization clinical stages III and IV and low white blood cell count. Conclusion: The study found that both multidrug resistance and bacterial pneumonia were high. Thus, bacterial culture and antimicrobial susceptibility tests should be routinely performed in health facilities in order to prevent and control the spread of bacterial infection and concurrent drug resistance.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacteriology of community-acquired pneumonia, antimicrobial susceptibility pattern and associated risk factors among HIV patients, Northeast Ethiopia: cross-sectional study

et al. 2023

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“…Pneumonia is one of the most common pulmonary complications in HIV infected patients. It is caused by different groups of micro-organisms from which bacteria are the common etiological agents [4]. Bacterial pneumonia remains the commonest cause of hospitalization and mortality in countries where the HIV epidemic is high [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since bacterial pneumonia in HIV patients is a common pulmonary complication. Information about the common bacterial agents and their respective antimicrobial resistance in these groups of the population is important [4]. In the study area drugs are prescribed for patients with pneumonia based on the empirical clinical or radiological diagnosis which favors the emergence of drug-resistant bacterial strains.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial Profile and their Antibiotic Resistance Pattern among HIV Patients Diagnosed with Pneumonia in Felege-Hiwot Referral Hospital, Bahir Dar, Northwest Ethiopia

Genetu,

Zenebe,

Asfaw

2022

ARBT

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Background: Bacterial pneumonia remains the major cause of morbidity and admission diagnosis among human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals. In the study area, data about the bacterial profile of pneumonia and their antimicrobial resistance pattern among people living with human immunodeficiency virus is limited. Hence, this study was aimed to estimate the prevalence of bacterial pneumonia, antibiotic resistance patterns of isolated bacteria, and associated factors among HIV patients in Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital. Method: A Hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from February 15 to June 15, 2019. Sputum specimens were collected from 163 pneumonia presumptive HIV seropositive individuals. Data on socio-demographic characteristics and risk factors were also collected using a structured questionnaire. Blood, Chocolate, and MacConkey agar plates were used to grow the isolates. The isolated colonies were identified based on Gram Stain, colony morphology, hemolysis, and biochemical tests. The antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed using the modified Kirby-Bauer Disc Diffusion method. Descriptive and multivariate analyses were performed using SPSS version 23. P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Result: Out of 163 sputum samples, 68 (41.7%) were culture positive for common bacterial infections. The predominant bacterial isolates were Klebsiella pneumoniae 19 (27.9%), and Staphylococcus aureus, 17 (25%). From multivariate analysis, age groups 18-29 (AOR = 5.4, 95 % CI: 1.26-23.35), age groups 30-39 (AOR = 3.8, 95% CI: 1.03 13.80), recent viral load greater than or equal to 150 copies/ml (AOR= 24.3, 95 % CI: 2.61-56.38), viral load less than 150 copies/ml (AOR= 5.1, 95% CI: 1.26-21.04), cigarette smoking (AOR=15.5, 95% CI: 1.61-48.59), and alcohol consumption (AOR=8.1, 95% CI: 2.76-23.51) were found to have statistically significant association with bacterial pneumonia. Out of the tested antibiotics, 46 (70.8%) were resistant to cotrimoxazole and P. aeruginosa were 100% resistant to gentamycin and ceftazidime. Overall, 77.9% of the isolates were MDR. Conclusion: The study showed a high prevalence of bacterial pneumonia and a high percentage of drug resistance including MDR in the study area. Therefore, we recommend that culture and antimicrobial susceptibility tests should be routinely performed for the selection of appropriate treatment.

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Comorbidity of Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Bacterial Pneumonia in Patients With Late Stages of Hiv-Infection With Immunodeficiency

Мишина

Мишин

Shashenkov

2022

Preprint

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Purpose. To study specifics of diagnostics and clinics of comorbidity of pulmonary tuberculosis and bacterial pneumonia in patients with HIV-infection with immunodeficiency. Materials and methods. Ninety-three first-time diagnosed patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and 4B stage of HIV-infection in the advanced phase in the absence of antiretroviral therapy were examined. The patients were divided into 3 groups. The 1st group included 31 patient with pulmonary tuberculosis and pneumonia associated with Streptococcus pneumoniae, the 2nd group included 31 patient with pulmonary tuberculosis and pneumonia associated with Staphylococcus aureus. The 3rd group included 31 patient without bacterial pneumonia selected by a copy-pair principle. Statistical treatment of the data was performed using Microsoft Office Excel 2019 with calculation of the mean parameter in the group and the standard error of the mean confidence interval (CI). Results. Comorbidity of pulmonary tuberculosis and pneumonia associated with S. pneumoniae or S. aureus in patients with 4B stage of HIV-infection with immunodeficiency in the advance phase with absence of antiretroviral treatment is characterized with generalization of tuberculosis and development of opportunistic infections of the lungs with severe clinical picture, high level of drug resistance of M. tuberculosis and the agents of bacterial pneumonia. At computed tomography of the chest a focal dissemination is revealed in the lungs as well as an intrathoracic lymphadenopathy and changes of the lung pattern, which almost does not differ in patients with bacterial pneumonia. Conclusion. Clinical signs and X-ray changes in combination of pulmonary tuberculosis and pneumonia associated with S. pneumoniae or S. aureus and pulmonary tuberculosis with bacterial pneumonia at the late stages of HIV-infection with immunodeficiency have the same type of character that can be diagnosed only with special microbiological viral and molecular genetic studies of abnormal material from the respiratory system and other organs with obligatory determination of drug resistance to the antituberculosis drug products and the antibacterial agents of wide spectrum. Key words: comorbidity, tuberculosis of the respiratory system, bacterial pneumonia, HIV-infection, immunodeficiency, opportunistic infections of the lungs, drug resistance.

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Pneumonia in HIV-Infected Patients

Cited by 4 publications

References 37 publications

Bacteriology of community-acquired pneumonia, antimicrobial susceptibility pattern and associated risk factors among HIV patients, Northeast Ethiopia: cross-sectional study

Bacteriology of community-acquired pneumonia, antimicrobial susceptibility pattern and associated risk factors among HIV patients, Northeast Ethiopia: cross-sectional study

Bacterial Profile and their Antibiotic Resistance Pattern among HIV Patients Diagnosed with Pneumonia in Felege-Hiwot Referral Hospital, Bahir Dar, Northwest Ethiopia

Comorbidity of Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Bacterial Pneumonia in Patients With Late Stages of Hiv-Infection With Immunodeficiency

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