Pneumothorax, Chylothorax, Hemothorax, and Fibrothorax

Light, Richard W.; Lee, Y. C. Gary

doi:10.1016/b978-1-4160-4710-0.00074-2

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 185 publications

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“…Approximately one century afterward, in 1932, the first description of pneumothorax occurring in healthy subjects (primary spontaneous pneumothorax, PSP) was published by Kjaergaard [2]. Pneumothorax is currently classified as: i) spontaneous (i.e., not caused by trauma or any obvious precipitating factor); ii) traumatic (secondary to both penetrating and blunt chest trauma); and iii) iatrogenic (i.e., secondary to medical procedures or surgical interventions) [3,4]. Spontaneous pneumothorax (SP) is further subdivided in: i) primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP), occurring in subjects without clinically apparent lung disease; and ii) secondary spontaneous pneumothorax (SSP), when representing a complication of a preexisting lung disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of primary spontaneous pneumothorax is not associated with microclimatic variations. Results of a seven-year survey in a temperate climate area

Comelli

Bologna

Ticinesi

et al. 2017

Monaldi Arch Chest Dis

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Some diseases, such as renal colic and atrial fibrillation, display an association with microclimatic variations. In particular, despite a correlation has been reported between incidence of primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) and meteorological variations, the evidence remains poor and conflictual. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of day-by-day meteorological variations on the number of visits for PSP in the Emergency Department (ED). All PSP cases were retrieved from the hospital database from January 2008 to December 2014. For all the observational days, meteorological data about the Parma Province were obtained from the Environment and Climate Regional Agency. The correlation between ED visits for PSP and variation of air temperature (T°), atmospheric pressure (hPa) and humidity (%) was then tested. The chronological data of all the visits for PSP were correlated with climate data by univariate linear regressions analysis. A total number of 608.215 ED visits were recorded during the observational period, with an average of 238 patients per day. Overall, 257 PSP cases were observed (mean age 37±21 years), 79% males and 21% females. No significant correlation between average daily visits for PSP and daily change of average temperature, humidity, or atmospheric pressure was observed throughout the observational period (p>0.05 for all). The results of the study show that the incidence of PSP is not significantly associated with changes of microclimatic variables.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of primary spontaneous pneumothorax is not associated with microclimatic variations. Results of a seven-year survey in a temperate climate area

Comelli

Bologna

Ticinesi

et al. 2017

Monaldi Arch Chest Dis

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“…With concomitant pneumothorax, i.e., hemopneumothorax, drainage is definitively indicated. In contrast to chest tube management of spontaneous pneumothorax, large-bore chest tubes should be placed due to the rapidity of clotting [75,146,147].…”

Section: Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oncological Airway Emergencies in the Critical Care Unit

Abramian¹,

Kolman²,

Abramian³

2016

Oncology Critical Care

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Malignancies involving the upper and lower airways can be presented as acute and/ or acute-on-chronic life-threatening emergencies. Most of them require intensive care unit (ICU) admission and acute intervention. Such emergencies include but are not exhaustive to epistaxis, massive hemoptysis, central airways obstruction, postobstructive pneumonia, tracheoesophageal fistula, and pleural disease. These are frequent consequences of disease, iatrogenicity, and various pleural diseases causing respiratory failure. The incidence, physiology, symptoms, and sequelae of each disease will be outlined in addition to potential surgical, pharmacologic, and conservative interventions. An anatomical approach from the upper airway, lower airway, mediastinum, and pleura will be taken. Here, we discuss interventions such as emergent cautery, nasal packing, emergent airways, and tracheostomy in addition to a brief glance at other surgical modalities. We will also detail central airway complications such as obstructing endobronchial tumors, massive hemoptysis, bronchoscopy, rigid bronchoscopy, stent placement, and other interventions (cautery, cryotherapy, one-way valves). Finally, pleural disorders such as tension pneumothorax, bronchopleural fistulas, massive pleural effusion, and hemothorax will be reviewed.

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“…Once fluid accumulation in the thorax is identified, further characterisation is accomplished by cytological analysis of fluid collected by thoracocentesis. In human medicine, pleural fluid indicative of haemothorax is defined as having a packed cell volume (PCV) of at least 50% of the peripheral PCV (Light and Lee ); however, because this information dictates neither a change in the diagnostic evaluation or the therapeutic regimen when large volumes of blood are present in the thoracic cavity, controversy exists as to whether or not this distinction is clinically relevant. It also has been suggested that a PCV of >5% with a clear supernatant fluid and red sediment would indicate recent, frank haemorrhage (Latimer ).…”

Section: Diagnostic Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Equine haemothorax

Groover

Wooldridge

2013

Equine Veterinary Education

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Summary Haemothorax is an uncommon, although clinically important, condition in horses of all ages and has a wide range of aetiologies. Clinical signs can include tachypnoea, dyspnoea, tachycardia, absence of bronchovesicular sounds, haemoptysis, colic and death. The most common aetiologies are associated with trauma, neoplasia, coagulation disorders, iatrogenic causes and vessel rupture. Diagnosis is made if there is evidence of thoracic fluid on ultrasonography and confirmation of haemorrhage by thoracocentesis. The goals of treatment are to address the primary cause and provide supportive care. Prognosis depends on aetiology, severity of active bleeding and volume of blood loss.

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Pneumothorax, Chylothorax, Hemothorax, and Fibrothorax

Cited by 13 publications

References 185 publications

Incidence of primary spontaneous pneumothorax is not associated with microclimatic variations. Results of a seven-year survey in a temperate climate area

Incidence of primary spontaneous pneumothorax is not associated with microclimatic variations. Results of a seven-year survey in a temperate climate area

Oncological Airway Emergencies in the Critical Care Unit

Equine haemothorax

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