Pockenausbrüche nach dem zweiten Weltkrieg in Deutschland

Saße, Julia; Gelderblom, Hans R.

doi:10.1007/s00103-015-2168-8

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 19 publications

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“…Although Helmut Ruska had previously demonstrated clear-cut morphological differences between OPV and herpesviruses in Germany in 1943 [ 50 ], DEM was only used for the first time in 1948, in the New York smallpox outbreak by Nagler & Rake and independently by van Rooyen & Scott, who studied samples from India sent to Canada [ 51 , 52 ]. With the development of more advanced and easy to use electron microscopes and the negative contrast technique by Brenner & Horne in 1959, DEM was subsequently applied widely and successfully to smallpox diagnosis [ 1 , 48 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 ]. Although poxviruses were first visualized 80 years ago [ 59 ], the principle of DEM, the rapid visualization of known and unknown agents using simple and rapid preparation techniques, is still valid.…”

Section: Diagnosis Of Vesicular Skin Rashesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid Viral Diagnosis of Orthopoxviruses by Electron Microscopy: Optional or a Must?

Gelderblom

Madeley

2018

Viruses

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Diagnostic electron microscopy (DEM) was an essential component of viral diagnosis until the development of highly sensitive nucleic acid amplification techniques (NAT). The simple negative staining technique of DEM was applied widely to smallpox diagnosis until the world-wide eradication of the human-specific pathogen in 1980. Since then, the threat of smallpox re-emerging through laboratory escape, molecular manipulation, synthetic biology or bioterrorism has not totally disappeared and would be a major problem in an unvaccinated population. Other animal poxviruses may also emerge as human pathogens. With its rapid results (only a few minutes after arrival of the specimen), no requirement for specific reagents and its “open view”, DEM remains an important component of virus diagnosis, particularly because it can easily and reliably distinguish smallpox virus or any other member of the orthopoxvirus (OPV) genus from parapoxviruses (PPV) and the far more common and less serious herpesviruses (herpes simplex and varicella zoster). Preparation, enrichment, examination, internal standards and suitable organisations are discussed to make clear its continuing value as a diagnostic technique.

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Section: Diagnosis Of Vesicular Skin Rashesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid Viral Diagnosis of Orthopoxviruses by Electron Microscopy: Optional or a Must?

Gelderblom

Madeley

2018

Viruses

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Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara

Volz

Sutter

2017

Advances in Virus Research

266

137

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Safety tested Modified Vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) is licensed as third-generation vaccine against smallpox and serves as a potent vector system for development of new candidate vaccines against infectious diseases and cancer. Historically, MVA was developed by serial tissue culture passage in primary chicken cells of vaccinia virus strain Ankara, and clinically used to avoid the undesirable side effects of conventional smallpox vaccination. Adapted to growth in avian cells MVA lost the ability to replicate in mammalian hosts and lacks many of the genes orthopoxviruses use to conquer their host (cell) environment. As a biologically well-characterized mutant virus, MVA facilitates fundamental research to elucidate the functions of poxvirus host-interaction factors. As extremely safe viral vectors MVA vaccines have been found immunogenic and protective in various preclinical infection models. Multiple recombinant MVA currently undergo clinical testing for vaccination against human immunodeficiency viruses, Mycobacterium tuberculosis or Plasmodium falciparum. The versatility of the MVA vector vaccine platform is readily demonstrated by the swift development of experimental vaccines for immunization against emerging infections such as the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome. Recent advances include promising results from the clinical testing of recombinant MVA-producing antigens of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1 or Ebola virus. This review summarizes our current knowledge about MVA as a unique strain of vaccinia virus, and discusses the prospects of exploiting this virus as research tool in poxvirus biology or as safe viral vector vaccine to challenge existing and future bottlenecks in vaccinology.

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Zertifizierung: „Impfen für Dermatologen (DDA)“

2019

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ZusammenfassungDas Fachgebiet der Dermatologie umfasst die Vorbeugung, Erkennung, konservative und operative Behandlung, die Nachsorge und Rehabilitation von Krankheiten der Haut sowie von Geschlechtskrankheiten. Historisch war die Dermatologie stark durch infektiöse Hautkrankheiten und sexuell übertragbare Infektionen geprägt wie Tuberkulose und Lepra, Syphilis und Gonorrhoe, aber auch virale Hautkrankheiten wie Pocken-, Herpesvirus- und HPV-Infektionen. Nicht nur die Diagnostik und Therapie von Infektionskrankheiten der Haut gehören zum Fachgebiet der Dermatologie, sondern auch deren spezifische Prävention, für die sich in den vergangenen Jahren neue Möglichkeiten durch die Verfügbarkeit von Impfstoffen ergeben haben.Die Deutsche Dermatologische Akademie (DDA) hat daher mit dem Zertifikat „Impfen für Dermatologen (DDA)“ ein wichtiges Fortbildungsangebot auf diesem zunehmend wichtigen Teilgebiet der Dermatologie geschaffen.Die Fortbildungsinhalte für die Zertifizierung „Impfen für Dermatologen (DDA)“ werden in einem ganztägigen Modul (8 Stunden) vermittelt; auch eine Aufteilung in Halbtage im Rahmen größerer Fortbildungsveranstaltungen ist möglich.Die Seminare sind interaktiv; bestimmend ist die praxisorientierte Präsentation des Wissens und die kollegiale Diskussion mit ausgewiesenen Experten. Zum Erhalt des Zertifikats ist einmal alle 5 Jahre die Teilnahme an einem Qualitätszirkel (2 Stunden) vorgesehen, in dem aktuelle Entwicklungen komprimiert dargestellt und anhand von Falldiskussionen thematisiert werden.

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Pockenausbrüche nach dem zweiten Weltkrieg in Deutschland

Cited by 5 publications

References 19 publications

Rapid Viral Diagnosis of Orthopoxviruses by Electron Microscopy: Optional or a Must?

Rapid Viral Diagnosis of Orthopoxviruses by Electron Microscopy: Optional or a Must?

Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara

Zertifizierung: „Impfen für Dermatologen (DDA)“

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