Pocket Money: Influence on Body Mass Index and Dental Caries among Urban Adolescents

Punitha, VC; Amudhan, A.; Sivaprakasam, P; Rathnaprabhu,

doi:10.7860/jcdr/2014/10498.5310

Cited by 23 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…To further understand about high Na intake concern in the school environment, we analyzed factors contributing the nutrient including the role of pocket money. Since food source rich in Na was categorized as unhealthy food and previous studies revealed pocket money is a risk factor for unhealthy eating [38, 39], this study found no association of pocket money with Na intake. Although majority of food sources with Na intake was categorized as unhealthy food and previous studies showed pocket money is a risk factor for unhealthy eating [41, 42], this study found no association of pocket money with Na intake.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 49%

Highlighting of Urinary Sodium and Potassium among Indonesian Schoolchildren Aged 9–12 Years: The Contribution of School Food

Farapti

Sulistyowati

Artanti

et al. 2019

Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism

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Background. Sodium (Na) and potassium (K), the essential nutrients, have vital role in promoting cellular growth including growth and development of children. Excessive Na intake and inadequate K consumption, which consequently increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, have been reported. Spot electrolyte urine was highly correlated and validated with gold standard to estimate electrolyte dietary intake. This study aimed at predicting sodium and potassium intake using morning spot urine among Indonesian schoolchildren. Methods. A cross-sectional study was carried out in 155 healthy elementary students aged 9–12 years. Spot urine samples were collected and analyzed for Na, K, and creatinine. Predicted 24 h Na and K excretions were compared to the Indonesian recommendation dietary allowances. The Na and K contribution from school food was reported by observing directly and the dietary recall method. Results. A total of 80 boys and 75 girls recruited as samples in this study demonstrated that their estimated urinary Na and K were 105.42 ± 66.05 mmol/day and 16.39 ± 12.57 mmol/day, respectively. Na intake was on average higher than recommended; meanwhile, almost all subjects showed very low compliance of K intake recommendation. Furthermore, food intake at school contributed to those conditions. Na and K content of school food contributed 33% and 29% of the daily intake of each nutrient and contributed 125% and 25% higher than the Na and K school standard, respectively. Conclusions. Indonesian schoolchildren aged 9–12 years are categorized by excessive Na intake and very deficient K intake. The present study highlights the need for policies in the environmental school setting to reduce Na intake and K intake.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 49%

Highlighting of Urinary Sodium and Potassium among Indonesian Schoolchildren Aged 9–12 Years: The Contribution of School Food

Farapti

Sulistyowati

Artanti

et al. 2019

Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism

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“…Regarding pocket money and weight status, a moderate correlation was observed between BMI and pocket money among boys (ρ = 0.311, p ≤ 0.002). According to recent literature, the daily allowance adolescents receive is positively linked to their BMI, either directly [14], [15], or via increased soft-drinks consumption [4]. Although according to the literature [16], it would be expected that the aforementioned trend would also apply to the girls, in the present sample this was not the case.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Diet quality, overweight and daily monetary allowance of Greek adolescents

Poulimeneas

Vlachos

Maraki

et al. 2017

International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health

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Objective To investigate cross-correlates of pocket-money on diet quality and weight status of Greek adolescents. Methods A total of 172 adolescents (55.2% boys), aged between 10 and 15 years old were recruited. Body weight and height were measured, body mass index (BMI) was computed. Weight status was assessed according to the International Obesity Task Force criteria and diet quality was evaluated via the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) - 2010. Results Adolescents were allowed a mean allowance of €4.63 ± 3.66 daily. Among boys participants, BMI correlated with pocket money (r = 0.311, p ≤ 0.002) and normoweight boys received statistically less money than their overweight peers (p ≤ 0.019). In both sexes, normoweight was more prevalent in the lowest monetary quartiles. Pocket money was not associated with HEI. Among boys, moderate HEI was more prevalent in the third quartile of pocket money, significantly higher compared to all others (p ≤ 0.01 for all). For girls, the prevalence of moderate HEI declined by each ascending pocket money quartile (p ≤ 0.05 for all). Conclusion In our sample, adolescents exhibited high rates of pooled overweight including obesity. The majority of the participants followed a diet of moderate quality. Pocket money was associated with BMI only among boys. As pocket money was not associated with diet quality, it is highly possible that adolescents might choose to spend their money on items other than foods. Our study shows that pocket money should be controlled during adolescence and teenagers should be educated on spending their money on healthier food choices.

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“…Many previous studies consistently demonstrate that breakfast consumption influences the body weight of children and adolescents (e.g., Berkey et al., ; Rampersaud et al., ; Szajewska & Ruszczyński, ). In addition, pocket money received by children and adolescents from parents could affect their BMI and health (Li et al., ; Punitha et al., ).…”

Section: Econometric Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many previous studies consistently demonstrate that breakfast consumption influences the body weight of children and adolescents (e.g., Berkey et al, 2003;Rampersaud et al, 2005;Szajewska & Ruszczyński, 2010). In addition, pocket money received by children and adolescents from parents could affect their BMI and health (Li et al, 2017;Punitha et al, 2014). We decomposed the total treatment effect into the indirect (mediation) effect, the effect of exiting the CSP on the 6 The identification condition of the causal mediation model relies on the sequential ignorability assumption (SIA).…”

Section: Causal Mediation Analysis On the Mechanisms Of The Csp Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cash transfer program and child underweight—Empirical evidence from a causal mediation analysis

Liao

Chang

2020

Agricultural Economics

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Despite the existence of a voluminous literature on cash transfer programs, little is known about their impacts on the underweight of children. To fill the knowledge gap, this study uses a unique individual panel data set to analyze how participation in the Children Sponsorship Program (CSP) improves underweight status among needy children and adolescents in Taiwan. This study examines not only the program effect on children's underweight, but also underscores the potential pathways behind the program effect by employing a causal mediation analysis. Our analysis finds that exiting the CSP has a negative impact on the improvement of underweight status. Moreover, eating breakfast every day and receiving pocket money from parents can be two significant mediators that link the effect of exiting the CSP and the change in underweight status among children and adolescents.

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Pocket Money: Influence on Body Mass Index and Dental Caries among Urban Adolescents

Cited by 23 publications

References 8 publications

Highlighting of Urinary Sodium and Potassium among Indonesian Schoolchildren Aged 9–12 Years: The Contribution of School Food

Highlighting of Urinary Sodium and Potassium among Indonesian Schoolchildren Aged 9–12 Years: The Contribution of School Food

Diet quality, overweight and daily monetary allowance of Greek adolescents

Cash transfer program and child underweight—Empirical evidence from a causal mediation analysis

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