Point mutations in acetylcholinesterase 1 associated with chlorpyrifos resistance in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens Stål

Abstract

Insecticide resistance frequently results from target-site insensitivity, such as point mutations in acetylcholinesterases (AChEs) for resistance to organophosphates and carbamates. From a field-originated population of Nilaparvata lugens, a major rice pest, a resistant population (R9) was obtained by nine-generation continuous selection with chlorpyrifos. From the same field population, a relatively susceptible population (S9) was also constructed through rearing without any insecticides. Compared to the susceptible strain, Sus [medium lethal dose (LC ) = 0.012 mg/l], R9 had a resistance ratio (RR) of 253.08-fold, whereas the RR of S9 was only 2.25-fold. Piperonyl butoxide and triphenyl phosphate synergized chlorpyrifos in R9 less than three-fold, indicating other important mechanisms for high resistance. The target-site insensitivity was supported by the key property differences of crude AChEs between R9 and S9. Compared to S9, three mutations (G119S, F331C and I332L) were detected in NlAChE1 from individuals of the R9 and field populations, but no mutation was detected in NlAChE2. G119S and F331C could decreased insecticide sensitivities in recombinant NlAChE1, whereas I332L took effect through increasing the influence of F331C on target insensitivity. F331C might be deleterious because of its influence on the catalytic efficiency of NlAChE1, whereas I332L would decrease these adverse effects and maintain the normal functions of AChEs.

Adipokinetic hormone enhances CarE‐mediated chlorpyrifos resistance in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens

“…In the present study, the 2.09‐fold SR of TPP in a 271.78‐fold resistant strain indicates that other mechanisms might also be involved in the resistance to chlorpyrifos in the BPH (Table 1). This conclusion was supported by the target‐site insensitivity data from recombinant AchE proteins, and three mutations (G119S, F331C and I332L) in AchE1 were identified to be associated with chlorpyrifos resistance in the BPH (Zhang et al ., 2017). However, the role of CarE‐mediated metabolism on chlorpyrifos resistance is a somewhat open question as the synergist concentrations may not be optimized, the synergistic effects of TPP could be undervalued in this study.…”

“…Both target insensitivity and metabolic detoxification mechanisms underlying chlorpyrifos resistance have been identified in the BPH (Lu et al ., 2017b; Zhang et al ., 2017). Kinetics analysis of recombinant protein and biochemical inhibition assays demonstrated that resistance to chlorpyrifos results from the mutations in the target site, the AChE, a serine hydrolase that terminates nerve impulse transmission by hydrolyzing the neurotransmitter acetylcholine at cholinergic synapses (Zhang et al ., 2017). Another mechanism of resistance to chlorpyrifos described in the BPH is the enhanced production of carboxylesterases (CarEs) (Lu et al ., 2017b).…”

Resistance Mechanisms to Chlorpyrifos and Propoxur in German Cockroach Blattella Germanica (L.) (Blattodea: Ectobiidae)

“…В ряде работ резистентность к ФОС (в том числе к хлорпирифосу) и к карбаматам, связывают с мутациями АХЭ, что делает невозможным связывание инсектицида и АХ. Показано это на примере высокорезистентных популяций вредителей сельского хозяйства -цикадках, тлях, белокрылках [32,33]. У рыжего таракана устойчивая АХЭ встречается достаточно редко -частоты резистентных аллелей генов нечувствительной к ФОС и карбаматам АХЭ составляют 0,03-0,08 [14].…”

Novel Trifluoromethyl Pyridine Derivatives Bearing a 1,3,4‐Oxadiazole Moiety as Potential Insecticide

“…With the generation of resistance and cross resistance on the harmful pests in agriculture, and the banning use of pesticides with high toxicity and poor environmental compatibility . The agricultural pests often brought about actual losses in productivity of crops all over the world annually .…”