Point-of-Care Blood Gas and Electrolyte Analysis in Rabbits

Ardiaca, María; Bonvehí, Cristina; Montesinos, Andrés

doi:10.1016/j.cvex.2012.10.005

Cited by 38 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…17 This value represents the ions that are not measured directly, including calcium, sulfates, phosphates, lactates, ketoacids, and protein. Anion gap is a measure of the difference between cations and anions and is calculated as the difference between the sum of sodium and potassium ion concentrations and the sum of chloride and bicarbonate ion concentrations.…”

Section: Zoo Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Venous blood gas analytes during isoflurane anesthesia in black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus)

Gardhouse¹,

Eshar²,

Bello³

et al. 2015

javma

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Examination of prairie dogs often requires general anesthesia, with isoflurane currently the inhalation agent of choice. Results suggested respiratory acidosis and relative azotemia may occur during isoflurane anesthesia of prairie dogs. Given the increased risk associated with anesthesia in small mammals and the propensity for respiratory disease in prairie dogs, insight into physiologic changes associated with isoflurane anesthesia in healthy prairie dogs can aid in perioperative evaluation and anesthetic monitoring in this rodent species.

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Section: Zoo Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Venous blood gas analytes during isoflurane anesthesia in black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus)

Gardhouse¹,

Eshar²,

Bello³

et al. 2015

javma

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“…The marginal veins of the ear and the cephalic vein are often good options for inserting an intravenous catheter (the author prefers the marginal veins of the ear because it is more difficult for the rabbit to remove it without an elizabethan collar), but blood extractions are difficult due to the restraint of the animal and to the small vein size, except in large breeds. Although avascular necrosis of the pinna has been described widely in the literature after puncturing the central artery of the ear (Melillo, 2007;Graham and Mader, 2012) it has only been observed by the author on rare occasions and is a good collection site for arterial blood gas analysis in pet rabbits (Ardiaca et al, 2013). Blood extraction from the cranial vena cava and cardiocentesis may be dangerous to the rabbit and requires deep sedation, so the author only recommends this sites for euthanasia or in emergency situations in which the risk / benefit for the animal has been weighed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory reference intervals for systolic blood pressure, rectal temperature, haematology, biochemistry and venous blood gas and electrolytes in healthy pet rabbits

Gallego¹

2017

Open Vet J.

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Prospective data from 86 healthy pet rabbits were evaluated to establish reference intervals for hematology, biochemistry, urinalysis, venous blood gas and electrolytes, rectal temperature and systolic blood pressure. Reference intervals for rectal temperature (37.4-39.6 ºC) and systolic blood pressure (75-134 mm/Hg) were previously unreported in pet rabbits. Differences by more than 30% with reference intervals present in the bibliography were observed in the blood biochemistry and urinalysis, being attributed to the variability in methodological factors with the present study.

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“…The lower limit for the reference intervals of physiologic sodium levels using different methods varies up to 8 mEq/l from one to another literature source (Harcourt-Brown 2002, Meredith and Crossley 2002, Mader 2004, Hernandez-Divers 2005, Tausch 2011, Ardiaca and others 2013). Physiologic plasmatic sodium levels in pet rabbits using iStat handheld analyser were studied recently (Tausch 2011, Ardiaca and others 2013). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and types of hyponatraemia, its relationship with hyperglycaemia and mortality in ill pet rabbits

Bonvehí¹,

Ardiaca²,

Barrera³

et al. 2014

Veterinary Record

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Prevalence of hyponatraemia has not been extensively studied in pet rabbits, and the reference data for calculated plasma tonicity and osmolarity are not available. This retrospective clinical study reports the prevalence of hyponatraemia, hyposmolarity and hypotonicity in ill pet rabbits (n=356). The relationship between sodium and glucose levels was studied (n=134). Mortality rates within seven days associated with different sodium levels were calculated in ill rabbits (n=322). Venous blood samples in lithium heparin were processed using iStat EC8+ cartridges. The 95% RI for plasma sodium, calculated osmolarity and tonicity from 51 healthy pet rabbits were 136-147 mEq/l, 284-312 mOsm/l and 278-302 mOsm/l, respectively. The prevalence of hyponatraemia, hypotonicity and hyposmolarity was 39.0 per cent, 28.7 per cent and 18.0 per cent, respectively. Pseudohyponatraemia was present in 28.1 per cent and true hyponatraemia was present in 71.9 per cent of the cases of hyponatraemia. Sodium levels less than 129 mEq/l were found to be associated with 2.3-fold increase in mortality risk. Plasmatic sodium levels in rabbits decrease in conditions of hyperglycaemia in a similar manner as it occurs in human beings. As hyperglycaemia is quite a common condition in rabbits, simultaneous measurement of plasmatic sodium along with glucose in ill rabbits is advised. Hyponatraemia is a common condition in ill rabbits and, depending on its type (true hyponatraemia or pseudohyponatraemia), of varying clinical relevance. Calculation of plasmatic tonicity is necessary for differentiation of types of hyponatraemia.

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Point-of-Care Blood Gas and Electrolyte Analysis in Rabbits

Cited by 38 publications

References 31 publications

Venous blood gas analytes during isoflurane anesthesia in black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus)

Venous blood gas analytes during isoflurane anesthesia in black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus)

Laboratory reference intervals for systolic blood pressure, rectal temperature, haematology, biochemistry and venous blood gas and electrolytes in healthy pet rabbits

Prevalence and types of hyponatraemia, its relationship with hyperglycaemia and mortality in ill pet rabbits

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