Assume that E is a closed surface, G is a compact Lie group, not necessarily connected, with a Lie algebra g, and ~: P --, E is a principal G-bundle, having a connected total space P. We choose a Riemannian metric on E and an orthogonal structure on g, i.e., an adjoint action of an invariant inner product. These data give rise to the Yang-Mills theory, which has been studied in great detail by Atiyah and Bott [1]. In particular, the moduli space of gauge equivalence classes of Yang-Mills conne~-tions decomposes into a countable union of moduli spaces of central Yang-Mills connections upon a suitable reduction of the structure group G, and, hence, it suffices to study the geometry of the moduli space N(~) of gauge equivalence classes of central Yang-Mills connections. Here the connection A is said to be central provided that the values of its curvature lie in the Lie algebra of the center of G, When the bundle ~ is flat, the central Yang-Mills connections are fiat. In particular, for G = SU (2), the moduli space N(~) is that of fiat connections encountered in Chern-Simons gauge theory. Another important special case is that of G = U(n), a unitary group; the bundle ~ is then topologically classified by its Cheru class (say k), and the space N(~) is homeomorphic to the