Poker face: Gender, race and representation in online poker

Ingen, Cathy van

doi:10.1080/14927713.2008.9651397

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Poker is most frequently played online , where gender can be conveyed via avatars —graphical representations of players at a virtual table. The use of avatars in online poker is pervasive, and typically the avatar genders are clearly depicted [ 35 ]. Given how common bluffing is in poker, even small gender effects in players’ bluffing propensity might have highly significant monetary consequences especially for online poker players.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

"To Bluff like a Man or Fold like a Girl?" – Gender Biased Deceptive Behavior in Online Poker

Palomäki

Yan

Modic³

et al. 2016

PLoS ONE

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Evolutionary psychology suggests that men are more likely than women to deceive to bolster their status and influence. Also gender perception influences deceptive behavior, which is linked to pervasive gender stereotypes: women are typically viewed as weaker and more gullible than men. We assessed bluffing in an online experiment (N = 502), where participants made decisions to bluff or not in simulated poker tasks against opponents represented by avatars. Participants bluffed on average 6% more frequently at poker tables with female-only avatars than at tables with male-only or gender mixed avatars—a highly significant effect in games involving repeated decisions. Nonetheless, participants did not believe the avatar genders affected their decisions. Males bluffed 13% more frequently than females. Unlike most economic games employed exclusively in research contexts, online poker is played for money by tens of millions of people worldwide. Thus, gender effects in bluffing have significant monetary consequences for poker players.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

"To Bluff like a Man or Fold like a Girl?" – Gender Biased Deceptive Behavior in Online Poker

Palomäki

Yan

Modic³

et al. 2016

PLoS ONE

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“…To do this, the present work examines the effects of both positive and negative contact in an online poker context, a context previously ignored in research on intergroup contact. Previous research on online poker has mostly focused on problem gambling (e.g., Mitrovic & Brown, 2009), judgment and decision-making (Siler, 2010), gender and race representations in poker avatars and advertisements (Ingen, 2008), or the subculture that exists for online poker players (O'Leary & Carroll, 2013). However, no work to date has examined how online interactions between poker players from different national groups could have spill over effects on one's views about people from other nations.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of valenced vicarious online contact on out‐group prejudice and perceived out‐group variability: A study of online poker

Andrews

Yogeeswaran

Walker

et al. 2018

J Applied Social Pyschol

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Online poker has become a multibillion dollar industry, with millions of people from around the world both playing and watching online poker each year. Unlike live poker, players and watchers, typically cannot rely on physical cues of other players; in fact, the only information often available to poker players is others’ nationality. Because these poker games often involve members of different national groups, it constitutes a context of indirect contact that has considerable potential to examine how attitudes and beliefs about people from other nationalities can be influenced by interactions in online poker. In the current research, we examined how observing an in‐group player have positive or negative contact with a player of another nationality impacted one’s own attitudes and beliefs about the out‐group nation. Participants (N = 157) watched an online poker video recording of a fellow in‐group member have negative, positive, or no intergroup contact with an out‐group member at an online poker table. Subsequent affective (out‐group attitudes) and cognitive (perceived out‐group variability) measures of intergroup bias were taken. Data revealed that while observing negative contact increased out‐group prejudice, observing positive contact reduced prejudice (all relative to no intergroup contact). However, no differences were found in perceived out‐group variability. Implications for online poker and future research intergroup contact are discussed.

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“…Second, this gambler reported using music to manage mood and thereby control outward emotions portrayed in body language that might otherwise have allowed opponents to determine the strength or weakness of the gambler's poker hand. Therefore, for this participant, music was one component of maintaining a ''poker face'' (van Ingen, 2008). Using music to manage outward feelings is akin to two dimensions of mobile listening proposed by Bull (2006); this gambler used music with a moral dimension-to avoid relating to others-as well as with a cognitive dimension in an attempt to manage his moods and thoughts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Research conducted in retail and commercial environments suggests that background music can influence the speed of consumer activity, perception of the environment, patronage, purchasing, and time perception (North & Hargreaves, 2006, 2008. Griffiths andParke (2003, 2005) applied such research to gambling and suggested that background music may increase gamblers' confidence, arousal level, and risk-taking behaviour; aid relaxation; help gamblers to disregard previous losses; mask the auditory cues emitted from the slot machines; and induce a romantic affective state, leading gamblers to believe that their chances of winning are unrealistically enhanced.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Exploratory Study of Gamblers’ Perceptions of Music’s Effects on Gambling Behaviour

Bramley

Dibben

Rowe

2018

JGI

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Background music is often present in gambling environments and has been found to influence gamblers’ behaviour. However, little is known about gamblers’ perception of environmental influences, including music, and whether gamblers believe that such influences can impact upon their gambling behaviour. An online questionnaire was administered to 136 gamblers to probe the perceived effects of gambling operator-selected and self-selected music on the cognitive, emotional, and behavioural aspects of gambling. In general, few respondents believed that music influences aspects of gambling participation. However, the analysis indicated that some gamblers, particularly those classified as moderate-risk and problem gamblers, self-select music to accompany gambling, and analysis of free-text responses indicated that this was undertaken to match their musical preferences or out of habit. Some gamblers believed that self-selected music promoted positive moods and supported concentration. Furthermore, some poker players thought that music may serve unique functions such as helping them to mask outward emotions and filling time between games. This study demonstrates that self-selected music is sometimes purposefully used by gamblers to support the cognitive and emotional aspects of gambling. However, as few gamblers believed that music could influence the cognitive, emotional, and behavioural aspects of gambling, this research reveals a disparity between subjective opinions and objective evidence, as gathered in published empirical laboratory experiments. This indicates the need to improve gamblers' awareness of the potential influence of background music on the gambling experience.Résumé Dans les environnements de jeu, il y a souvent une musique de fond, et on a constaté qu’elle influençait le comportement des joueurs. Cependant, on sait peu de choses de la perception qu’ont les joueurs des influences environnementales, notamment la musique, et de leur avis quant aux influences que ces facteurs environnementaux peuvent avoir sur leur comportement de jeu. Un questionnaire en ligne a été soumis à 136 joueurs compulsifs afin de sonder les effets perçus de la musique sélectionnée et choisie par les opérateurs de jeux d’argent, d’une part, et celle choisie par le joueur, d’autre part, sur les aspects cognitifs, émotionnels et comportementaux du jeu. En général, peu de répondants interrogés pensent que la musique influence certains aspects de la participation au jeu. Toutefois, l’analyse a montré que certains joueurs, en particulier ceux classés à risque modéré et à problème, choisissaient eux-mêmes leur musique pour accompagner les jeux de hasard, et l’analyse des réponses en texte libre indiquait que cela était fait pour correspondre à leurs préférences musicales ou par habitude. Certains joueurs étaient d’avis que la musique qu’ils choisissaient eux-mêmes favorisait une humeur positive et la concentration. De plus, certains joueurs de poker étaient d’avis que la musique pouvait potentiellement servir à des fonctions particulières, comme les aider à masquer leurs émotions et à combler le temps entre les parties. Cette étude démontre que les joueurs utilisent parfois délibérément de la musique qu’ils ont eux-mêmes choisie pour soutenir les aspects cognitifs et émotionnels du jeu. Cependant, comme peu de joueurs étaient d’avis que la musique pouvait influencer les aspects cognitifs, émotionnels et comportementaux du jeu, cette recherche révèle une disparité entre les opinions subjectives et les preuves objectives recueillies dans le cadre d’expériences empiriques de laboratoire publiées. Cette étude montre qu’il est nécessaire de sensibiliser davantage les joueurs à l’influence potentielle de la musique de fond sur l’expérience de jeu.

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Poker face: Gender, race and representation in online poker

Cited by 11 publications

References 13 publications

"To Bluff like a Man or Fold like a Girl?" – Gender Biased Deceptive Behavior in Online Poker

"To Bluff like a Man or Fold like a Girl?" – Gender Biased Deceptive Behavior in Online Poker

Effect of valenced vicarious online contact on out‐group prejudice and perceived out‐group variability: A study of online poker

An Exploratory Study of Gamblers’ Perceptions of Music’s Effects on Gambling Behaviour

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