Pola Spasial dan Keputusan Keluarga Bermukim di Permukiman Kumuh Pusat Kota dan Wilayah Pinggiran Kota Malang, Jawa Timur

Abstract

Abstrak. Perkembangan kawasan permukiman kumuh di Kota Malang disebabkan oleh faktor urbanisasi dan penduduk asli yang penghasilan rendah sehingga berakibat pada rendahnya daya beli terhadap rumah layak huni dan berlokasi di zona permukiman ideal. Kedua golongan masyarakat ini mendorong untuk memilih lokasi bermukim di wilayah yang tidak seharusnya dijadikan kawasan permukiman sehingga menyebakan kemunculan kawasan permukiman kumuh baru. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah; 1) mengetahui pola spasial permukiman kumuh pusat kota dan wilayah pinggiran; 2) mengetahui hubungan kondisi sosial ekonomi masyarakat terhadap permukiman kumuh pusat kota dan wilayah pinggiran. Wilayah kajian permukiman kumuh pusat Kota Malang berada di Kelurahan Kauman, sedangkan wilayah pinggiran berada di Kelurahan Tlogomas. Kedua wilayah tersebut berdasarkan SK Walikota Malang termasuk dalam kawasan permukiman kumuh yang terdapat di Kota Malang. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Alat analisis yang digunakan yakni Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG) dengan metode overlay untuk mengetahui pola spasial permukiman kumuh. Untuk mengetahui keputusan keluarga bermukim di permukiman kumuh digunakan uji regresi logistik ordinal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kawasan permukiman kumuh pusat kota memiliki pola linier sepanjang Sungai Kasin. Kawasan permukiman kumuh wilayah pinggiran memiliki pola linier dan memusat. Hasil analisis regresi logistik ordinal menunjukkan keputusan keluarga bermukim di permukiman kumuh secara signifikan dipengaruhi oleh kondisi sosial ekonomi yang meliputi tingkat pendidikan, jumlah anggota keluarga, dan kebutuhan ekonomi untuk permukiman kumah pusat Kota Malang. Keputusan keluarga untuk bermukim di permukiman kumuh wilayah pinggiran dipengaruhi oleh kebutuhan ekonomi, pendapatan, jumlah anggota keluarga, dan jenis pekerjaan. Abstract. The emergent growing of slums in Malang City has been caused by urbanization and the locals with low income making it hard for them to afford proper housing located in ideal residential zones. These two groups of societies have triggered the choice to reside in the improper areas, and thus new slums emerge. This current study aimed at: 1) describing the spatial pattern of the slums in the down town and suburb area; and 2) investigating the correlation between socio-economic conditions of the societies and the slums in the down towan and suburb area. The slum in down town Malang City was Kauman Sub-district; while the slum in the suburb area was Tlogomas Sub-district. Both locations have been pronounced as the slums within the Decree Statement of the Mayor of Malang. This study was conducted by means of quantitative approach. Geographic Information System (GIS) was employed as the analysis. Overlay method was used to detect the spatial patterns of the slums and ordinal logistic regression was performed to investigate the correlation between socio-economic conditions of the societies and the slums. It has been revealed that the slum in the downtown portrayed a linear pattern along Kasin river bank. The slum in the suburb area showed linear and centered patterns. The ordinal logistic regression analysis resulted in the notion that the decision to reside in the slums has been significantly affected by the socio-economic conditions. The results of ordinal-logistic regression analysis showed that the family's decision to live in the slum was significantly influenced by socio-economic conditions including education level, number of family members, and economic needs for slum in the downtown. The family's decision to live in the slum areas in surburb area was influenced by economic needs, income, number of family members, and their professions.

An Identification of Relationship Between Regional Development Level and Slums in Sidenreng Rappang Regency

“…The high economic activity and population mobility in Sidenreng Rappang Regency and the growth of service centers in agricultural production areas at the village level are not related to the development of pockets of informal settlements around it. This is in contrast to the results of research (Annisa Amalia, 2018) (Wijayanti et al, 2020) (Ardiansyah & Wagistina, 2021) which states that areas with more complete urban facilities and infrastructure will attract migrants to work and settle. The existence of economic centers makes it easier for migrants to find a livelihood and tend to choose to house close to their place of work even though the housing is not feasible so the level of regional development is directly proportional to the increase in the percentage of slum families.…”

“…(Yin et al, 2018) The consequences of meeting housing needs for migrants who often rent houses in the downtown part because they are close to livelihood locations cause an uncontrolled process of building development (Annisa Amalia, 2018) They then use limited land to be used as a place for settlement without paying attention to the quality of the environment in it. The construction of settlements on limited land causes problems of land conversion which are often not in accordance with the provisions of the spatial function, thus causing the development of slum areas (Ardiansyah & Wagistina, 2021). The limited supply of decent housing according to Soetomo 2009 (Kaseke et al, 2017) , rising land prices due to investment in large-scale production facilities that shrink the proportion of land for housing units (Firdaus, 2012) as well as the government's inability to provide affordable housing for the poor (Ooi & Phua, 2007) are the reasons for the formation of slums or informal settlements that are inadequate public services.…”

Student-Centered Innovation Project as University Social Responsibility (USR)

“…Malang, as it develops into a modern city, is facing some challenges, including slums. Malang city had 29 slum areas in 2016, covering a total area of 608.6 hectares (Abidin, 2016). In 2017, the slum areas decreased to 599.8 hectares in four villages (Malang Times, 2017).…”

Spatial Patterns of Under-Resourced Neighbourhood Settlements in Sidenrengrappang Regency

“…The direction of development must be identified as early as possible so that the scope of Under-resourced neighbourhoods does not become more widespread, resulting in a decrease in the quality of life of the people. The direction of development of Under-resourced neighbourhoods can be viewed from their spatial patterns [9] The spatial process of Under-resourced neighbourhoods is depicted directly through which is an analysis related to the influence of location [10] the first law of geography proposed by Tobler is that everything has a connection with one another, yet the more adjacent one has more interrelationship than any other. Observation at a location depends on observations in another adjacent location (neighborhood) [11].…”