Polar Lipid Profiling by Supercritical Fluid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry Method

Yamada, Takayuki; Nagasawa, Yumiko; Taguchi, Kaori; Fukusaki, Eiichiro; Bamba, Takeshi

doi:10.1016/b978-1-63067-044-3.50017-0

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 28 publications

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“…For example, Tanaka et al [84] demonstrated that at 33 °C and 17.7 MPa only 65% of triacylglycerols and no phospholipids were extracted from freeze-dried fish roe when using pure CO 2 , while 100% of triacylglycerols and more than 80% of phospholipids were obtained by adding 20% ethanol to the solvent. In general, SFE seems to provide a significantly higher extraction efficiency than Bligh and Dyer's extraction method, while an increase in proportion of modifier in the solvent composition enhances extraction efficiency for phospholipids [85]. In SFE of lipids and cholesterol from fish muscle, extraction efficiency was not significantly enhanced by increasing CO 2 pressure and/or temperature, but primarily by prolonging the extraction period from 3 to 9 h [86].…”

Section: Lipid Extraction Methodsmentioning

confidence: 87%

Rapid extraction of total lipids and lipophilic POPs from all EU-regulated foods of animal origin: Smedes’ method revisited and enhanced

Haedrich¹,

Stumpf²,

Denison

2020

Environ Sci Eur

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Background Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) such as dioxins, dioxin-like chemicals and non-dioxin-like PCBs causing adverse effects to human health bio-accumulate through the food web due to their affinity for adipose tissues. Foods of animal origin are therefore the main contributors to human dietary exposure. The European Union’s (EU) food safety policy requires checking of a wide range of samples for compliance with legal limits on a regular basis. Several methods of varying efficiency are applied by official control laboratories for extraction of the different classes of lipids and associated POPs, bound to animal tissue and animal products in varying degrees, sometimes leading to discrepancies especially in fresh weight based analytical results. Results Starting from Smedes’ lipid extraction from marine tissue, we optimized the extraction efficiency for both lipids and lipophilic pollutants, abandoning the time-consuming centrifugation step. The resulting modified Smedes extraction (MSE) method was validated based on multiple analyses of a large number of real-world samples, matrix calibration and performance assessment in proficiency testing utilizing both instrumental and bioanalytical methodologies. Intermediate precision in 12 different foods was below 3% in chicken eggs, egg powder, animal fat, fish, fish oil, poultry, whole milk, milk fat and milk powder, and below 5% in bovine meat, liver, and infant food. In comparison to Twisselmann hot extraction, results presented here show an increased efficiency of MSE by + 25% for bovine liver, + 14% for chicken eggs, + 13% for poultry meat, + 12% for fish, 8% for bovine meat, and 6% for infant food. Conclusions For the first time, a fast and reliable routine method is available that enables the analyst to reproducibly extract "total" lipids from any EU-regulated food sample of animal origin within 6 to 8 min. Increased efficiency translates into a considerable increase in both lipid and wet weight-based analytical results measured for associated POPs, reducing the risk of false non-compliant results. Compared to a 4 h Twisselmann extraction, the extraction of 1000 samples using MSE would result in annual savings of about 250 h or 32 working days. Our MSE procedure contributes to the European Commission's objective of harmonizing analytical results across the EU generated according to Commission Regulation (EU) 2017/644.

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Section: Lipid Extraction Methodsmentioning

confidence: 87%