Polar stratospheric ice cloud above Spitsbergen

Maturilli, Marion; Dörnbrack, Andreas

doi:10.1029/2005jd006967

Cited by 20 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 64 publications

(78 reference statements)

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“…Satellite measurements by Atmospheric Chemistry Explorer (ACE) (Jin et al, 2006a) also indicated inhomogeneous denitrification in the vortex between mid-January and mid-March, between 400 K and 550 K. The area where the more rare ice PSC Type II could form, at even colder temperatures, was also among the largest in the observational record at 50 hPa, along with the winters 1995/96 and 1983/84. On 26 January, Type II PSCs were in fact observed for the first time in 15 years of observations above Spitzbergen (79 • N) (Maturilli and Dörnbrack, 2006). Associated with this, large-scale dehydration, where there is uptake of water out of the gas phase, presumably during ice cloud formation, was detected by EOS MLS over parts of the Arctic at 18-19 km at around the same time .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Estimation of Arctic ozone loss in winter 2004/05 based on assimilation of EOS MLS and SBUV/2 observations

Jackson

Orsolini

2008

Quart J Royal Meteoro Soc

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ABSTRACT:In this paper we present a new technique for the estimation of ozone loss in the stratospheric polar vortex based on the assimilation of Earth Observing System Microwave Limb Sounder (EOS MLS) and Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet radiometer (SBUV/2) ozone observations in the Met Office data assimilation system. We focus on the northern winter of 2004/05, which was exceptionally cold in the Arctic stratosphere, with associated large ozone depletion due to heterogeneous chemistry. Our ozone loss estimate, which was calculated for the 1 February to 10 March 2005 period, peaks at 450 K (approximately 17-18 km), and is 0.6 ppmv at that isentropic level (our loss estimate for the vortex core only was somewhat higher (1.0 ppmv) and indicates uncertainties related to mixing at the vortex edge). This value is similar to or smaller than results from other studies, which estimate ozone loss in this period to be in the 0.6-1.2 ppmv range. When combined with results from other studies that estimate ozone loss occurring outside our assimilation period, we obtain an estimate of 0.8-1.2 ppmv for ozone loss from early January to early March 2005. We find a second maximum in ozone loss for the 1 February-10 March period near 650 K (approximately 25 km) of around 0.4 ppmv. This is a lower figure than found in other studies, but ozone loss is actually much stronger at this level outside the vortex in a low-ozone pocket in the Aleutian anticyclone, likely due to the NOx catalytic cycle. Our results show that the ozone data assimilation method we have used to estimate ozone loss is very promising, and can lead to potentially more accurate ozone-loss estimates than other methods.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Estimation of Arctic ozone loss in winter 2004/05 based on assimilation of EOS MLS and SBUV/2 observations

Jackson

Orsolini

2008

Quart J Royal Meteoro Soc

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“…A complete and extended Arctic PSC climatology in Ny-Å lesund has been recently reported by Maturilli et al (2005) and Massoli et al (2006), where a comparison with the PSC lidar observations in the Antarctic McMurdo Station was also included. Different types of polar stratospheric clouds were historically first identified according to their optical parameters retrieved by lidar: the backscattering ratio R and the volume depolarization ratio d V Toon et al 1990).…”

Section: Arctic Psc Climatology In Ny-å Lesund Reported By Long-term mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Over Ny-Å lesund, they have been detected only once, on 26 January 2005 (Maturilli and Dö rnbrack 2006), and were attributed to unusually strong mesoscale stratospheric temperature anomalies. The most important aspects characterizing PSC presence over Ny-Å lesund are summarized in Table 2, as extracted from Maturilli et al (2005) and Massoli et al (2006).…”

Section: Arctic Psc Climatology In Ny-å Lesund Reported By Long-term mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…MPL-4 performance on general characterization (detection and type classification) of these events is the main purpose of this paper, which is organized as follows: in section 2 both MPL-4 and KARL lidar systems are described and the data processing is exposed. Section 3 summarizes the most important highlights on PSC climatology description over Ny-Å lesund obtained from long-term PSC observations performed by KARL (Maturilli et al 2005;Massoli et al 2006) to be compared with the final results. Section 4 shows the atmospheric conditions (tropospheric cloud cover and stratospheric meteorology) during the campaign.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Polar Stratospheric Cloud Observations in the 2006/07 Arctic Winter by Using an Improved Micropulse Lidar

Córdoba-Jabonero

Gil

Yela

et al. 2009

Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology

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The potential of a new improved version of micropulse lidar (MPL-4) on polar stratospheric cloud (PSC) detection is evaluated in the Arctic over Ny-Å lesund (798N, 128E), Norway. The campaign took place from January to February 2007 in the frame of the International Polar Year (IPY) activities. Collocated Alfred Wegener Institute (AWI) Koldewey Aerosol Raman Lidar (KARL) devoted to long-term Arctic PSC monitoring is used for validation purposes. PSC detection is based on lidar retrievals of both backscattering ratio R and volume depolarization ratio d V . Two episodes were unequivocally attributed to PSCs: 21-22 January and 5-6 February 2007, showing a good correlation between MPL-4 and KARL backscattering ratio datasets (mean correlation coefficient 5 0.92 6 0.03). PSC layered structures were characterized for four observational periods coincident with KARL measurements. Also, PSC type classification was determined depending on the retrieved R and d V values as compared with those obtained by KARL long-term Arctic PSC measurements. Tropospheric cloud cover from lidar observations and both ECMWF potential vorticity and temperature at 475 K, in addition to temperature profiles from AWI daily radiosoundings, are also reported. Height-resolved and temporal evolution of both PSC episodes obtained from MPL-4 measurements clearly show that MPL-4 is a suitable instrument to provide long-term PSC statistic monitoring in polar regions. These results are the first reported on PSC detection in the Arctic by using a low-energy and highly pulsed lidar operating on autonomous and full-time continuous mode MPL-4.

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“…In situ observations by research aircraft and dropsondes provided validation, at least of the general characteristics of the wave disturbances. Maturilli and Dörnbrack (2006), modelled waves over Svalbard (with 4 km horizontal resolution) and found waves with 10-20 km horizontal wavelength, and amplitude up to a few m/s in vertical wind. Only indirect validation of the model results was possible in terms of observation (by lidar) of polar stratospheric clouds composed of ice.…”

Section: Winter Storm Tracks Very Often Bring Deep Depressions Intomentioning

confidence: 99%

Turbulence associated with mountain waves over Northern Scandinavia – a case study using the ESRAD VHF radar and the WRF mesoscale model

Kirkwood

Mihalikova²,

Rao³

et al. 2010

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. We use measurements by the 52 MHz windprofiling radar ESRAD, situated near Kiruna in Arctic Sweden, and simulations using the Advanced Research and Weather Forecasting model, WRF, to study vertical winds and turbulence in the troposphere in mountain-wave conditions on 23, 24 and 25 January 2003. We find that WRF can accurately match the vertical wind signatures at the radar site when the spatial resolution for the simulations is 1 km. The horizontal and vertical wavelengths of the dominating mountain-waves are ∼10-20 km and the amplitudes in vertical wind 1-2 m/s. Turbulence below 5500 m height, is seen by ESRAD about 40% of the time. This is a much higher rate than WRF predictions for conditions of Richardson number (R i ) <1 but similar to WRF predictions of R i <2. WRF predicts that air crossing the 100 km wide model domain centred on ESRAD has a ∼10% chance of encountering convective instabilities (R i <0) somewhere along the path. The cause of low R i is a combination of wind-shear at synoptic upper-level fronts and perturbations in static stability due to the mountain-waves. Comparison with radiosondes suggests that WRF underestimates wind-shear and the occurrence of thin layers with very low static stability, so that vertical mixing by turbulence associated with mountain waves may be significantly more than suggested by the model.

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Polar stratospheric ice cloud above Spitsbergen

Cited by 20 publications

References 64 publications

Estimation of Arctic ozone loss in winter 2004/05 based on assimilation of EOS MLS and SBUV/2 observations

Estimation of Arctic ozone loss in winter 2004/05 based on assimilation of EOS MLS and SBUV/2 observations

Polar Stratospheric Cloud Observations in the 2006/07 Arctic Winter by Using an Improved Micropulse Lidar

Turbulence associated with mountain waves over Northern Scandinavia – a case study using the ESRAD VHF radar and the WRF mesoscale model

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