Polarimetry Using Graphene-Integrated Anisotropic Metasurfaces

Abstract

Polarization is one of the important properties of light, and its detection is of significant interest for various fundamental and practical applications. We demonstrate a mid-infrared polarimetry device using a gatetunable graphene-integrated anisotropic metasurface. The Stokes parameters of the incident light are extracted by sweeping the gate voltage applied to the device and subsequent fitting of the measured reflected intensities. Considering subpicosecond carrier relaxation times in graphene, the polarization measurement rate of our device is governed only by the speed of the gate voltage sweep. Thus, our work serves as a proof-of-principle demonstration for high-speed microscale polarimetric devices.

Self-Powered Filterless On-Chip Full-Stokes Polarimeter

“…In order to solve this problem, a number of on-chip polarization detectors which are consisted by an ultra-compact structure and high integration density have been developed in recent years. 1,3,4,[9][10][11][12][13] Such full-Stokes polarimeters either rely on coupling a polarizationunresolved photodetector with a comprehensive plasmonic metasurface/grating or using a separated micro-retarder layer on top of a linear polarization layer for the extraction of different polarization components. 9,[11][12][13] Although those on-chip polarimeters can easily integrate with photonic chips and enable more functionalities such as measurements of wavelength, intensity as well as spatial distribution, 4,9,14 the additional filtering layers would not only increase the complexity of the system and device cost, but also cause unnecessary energy loss, which is unfavorable in photonic devices and integrated photonic chips.…”

“…1,3,4,[9][10][11][12][13] Such full-Stokes polarimeters either rely on coupling a polarizationunresolved photodetector with a comprehensive plasmonic metasurface/grating or using a separated micro-retarder layer on top of a linear polarization layer for the extraction of different polarization components. 9,[11][12][13] Although those on-chip polarimeters can easily integrate with photonic chips and enable more functionalities such as measurements of wavelength, intensity as well as spatial distribution, 4,9,14 the additional filtering layers would not only increase the complexity of the system and device cost, but also cause unnecessary energy loss, which is unfavorable in photonic devices and integrated photonic chips. To this end, it is necessary to further simplify the device structure and explore new filterless full-Stokes polarimeters for integrated optoelectronic and photonic applications.…”

Mid- to long-wave infrared computational spectroscopy with a graphene metasurface modulator

“…We also note that our device is inherently polarization-insensitive for normal incident illumination. This differs from previous approaches [11][12][13][14][16][17][18][19][20]28,29 in which asymmetric structures were employed (that are inherently polarization-sensitive).…”

“…touch screen panels) have been demonstrated that make use of even larger (30 inch wide) graphene films produced in roll-to-roll processes 15 . In addition to amplitude and phase modulation [11][12][13][14]16,17 , applications such as polarimetry 18 , motion sensing 19 , and single pixel imaging 20 have been demonstrated using graphene-based metasurface devices at MWIR-LWIR wavelengths. While promising results were obtained in these previous works, one of the most important applications of the MWIR-LWIR spectral range is that of spectroscopy.…”

Nature-inspired chiral metasurfaces for circular polarization detection and full-Stokes polarimetric measurements

“…In addition to CPL detection, ultracompact polarimetric detection and imaging systems are highly desirable for full polarization state measurements in various applications such as communication 27,28 , remote sensing 29 , polarization imaging 30 , and biological diagnostics 31–33 . Among different polarimeter designs (Table 1), plasmonics-based polarimetric detecting devices have been reported with unprecedented compactness based on phase-gradient birefringent metagratings 34 , diffracting plasmonic metasurfaces 35 , and graphene-integrated anisotropic metasurfaces 36 . However, these devices operate in reflection mode and hence are not compatible with direct on-chip integration in photodetectors or imaging sensors.…”