Polarization distribution in PVDF obtained by poling under constant current condition

Neumann, G. A.; Bihler, E.; Eberle, G.; Eisenmenger, Wolfgang

doi:10.1109/ceidp.1990.201326

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Thus, poling voltages did not have any influence on the overall β-phase fractions . As there is no prominent difference between the content of β-phase, the piezoelectric properties in PVDF or NC would then be dominated by the amount of oriented β-phase, i.e., the net dipole moment in the material. − …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Simultaneous 3D Printing and Poling of PVDF and Its Nanocomposites

Bodkhe

Rajesh

Gosselin

et al. 2018

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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Given the ever-increasing demand for customization and miniaturization, in situ three-dimensional (3D) printing of piezoelectric polymers comes as an efficient means to cater to smart structures via multimaterial printing. Applying our hybrid printing technique to polyvinylidene-fluoride–barium-titanate (PVDF–BaTiO3) nanocomposites, to combine the fabrication and high-voltage poling steps, shrinks the manufacturing time, overcomes the disadvantages of adherence in nonconformal piezoelectric films or fabrics, and increases the sensitivity and scope for on-demand applications. A remarkable 300% improvement in piezoelectric charge output is achieved upon the addition of 10 wt % BaTiO3 nanoparticles and application of an electric field of 1 MV m–1, compared with printed unpoled neat PVDF. We demonstrate the application of the in situ poling process in the form of sensors printed directly on a shoe insole for gait analysis. The sensors fabricated in this work effectively distinguish between walking and stamping as both portable in-shoe sensor as well as sensors attached to the ground.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Simultaneous 3D Printing and Poling of PVDF and Its Nanocomposites

Bodkhe

Rajesh

Gosselin

et al. 2018

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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“…As the most studied piezoelectric polymer, poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) is a semicrystalline and polymorph polymer and can be produced in α, β, γ, δ, and ε crystalline phases associated with distinct chain conformations. , Among the five crystal phases, the β-crystal has the highest piezoelectric coefficient, which is more than 10 times that of other polymers after polarization . Unfortunately, the β-crystal cannot be directly obtained from the melt in a neat stage, thus requires other physical transformations such as heat (annealing), mechanical strain (stretching), − electric fields (poling), − or filler addition. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionic Liquid-Assisted 3D Printing of Self-Polarized β-PVDF for Flexible Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting

Liu

Shang

Zhang

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

119

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printing technologies have unparalleled advantages in constructing piezoelectric devices with three-dimensional structures, which are conducive to improving the efficiency of energy harvesting. Among them, fused deposition modeling (FDM) is the most widely used thanks to its low cost and wide range of molding materials. However, as the best piezoelectric polymer, a high electroactive β-phase poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) piezoelectric device cannot be directly obtained by FDM printing because the β-crystal is unstable at the molten state. Herein, we develop for the first time ionic liquid (IL)-assisted FDM for direct printing of β-PVDF piezoelectric devices. An IL can induce and maintain β crystals during melt extrusion and FDM printing, ensuring that the β-crystal in the printed PVDF device is as high as 98.3%, which is the highest in 3D-printed PVDF as far as we know. Furthermore, the shearing force provided by the FDM facilitates the directional arrangement of the dipoles, resulting in the printed PVDF device having selfpolarization characteristics without poling. Finally, the piezoelectric output voltage of the 3D-printed PVDF device is 4.7 times that of the flat PVDF device, and its area current density (17.5 nA cm −2 ) is more than that of the reported 3D-printed PVDF piezoelectric device in the literature by two orders of magnitude. The one-step 3D printing strategy proposed in this paper can realize the rapid preparation of complex-shaped and lightweight self-polarized β-PVDF-based piezoelectric devices for energy harvesting.

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“…Unfortunately, PVDF commonly crystallizes into the thermodynamically stable non-polar α-phase upon solidification, which does not possess the desired piezoelectric properties. The attainment of β-phase thus requires either one or more physical transformations via application of heat (annealing), 3 large mechanical strain (stretching), [4][5][6] large electric fields (poling), [7][8] or filler addition. [9][10] Fillers like carbon nanotubes, [11][12] clay, 13 cellulose, 10 magnetic 14 and piezoelectric nanoparticles (NPs) 15 have proven to be very efficient in preventing the reversion of β-phase to α-phase upon solidification.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unfortunately, PVDF commonly crystallizes into the thermodynamically stable nonpolar α-phase upon solidification, which does not possess the desired piezoelectric properties. The attainment of β-phase thus requires either one or more physical transformations via application of heat (annealing), large mechanical strain (stretching), − large electric fields (poling), , or filler addition. , Fillers such as carbon nanotubes, , clay, cellulose, and magnetic and piezoelectric nanoparticles (NPs) have proven to be very efficient in preventing the reversion of β-phase to α-phase upon solidification. Addition of ecofriendly and biocompatible , piezoelectric ceramic filler barium-titanate (BaTiO 3 NPs) − into PVDF has also shown to improve the ferro- and piezoelectric properties of PVDF without compromising its flexibility or strength.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

One-Step Solvent Evaporation-Assisted 3D Printing of Piezoelectric PVDF Nanocomposite Structures

Bodkhe

Turcot

Gosselin

et al. 2017

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

241

205

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Development of a 3D printable material system possessing inherent piezoelectric properties to fabricate integrable sensors in a single-step printing process without poling is of importance to the creation of a wide variety of smart structures. Here, we study the effect of addition of barium titanate nanoparticles in nucleating piezoelectric β-polymorph in 3D printable polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and fabrication of the layer-by-layer and self-supporting piezoelectric structures on a micro- to millimeter scale by solvent evaporation-assisted 3D printing at room temperature. The nanocomposite formulation obtained after a comprehensive investigation of composition and processing techniques possesses a piezoelectric coefficient, d, of 18 pC N, which is comparable to that of typical poled and stretched commercial PVDF film sensors. A 3D contact sensor that generates up to 4 V upon gentle finger taps demonstrates the efficacy of the fabrication technique. Our one-step 3D printing of piezoelectric nanocomposites can form ready-to-use, complex-shaped, flexible, and lightweight piezoelectric devices. When combined with other 3D printable materials, they could serve as stand-alone or embedded sensors in aerospace, biomedicine, and robotic applications.

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Polarization distribution in PVDF obtained by poling under constant current condition

Cited by 5 publications

References 3 publications

Simultaneous 3D Printing and Poling of PVDF and Its Nanocomposites

Simultaneous 3D Printing and Poling of PVDF and Its Nanocomposites

Ionic Liquid-Assisted 3D Printing of Self-Polarized β-PVDF for Flexible Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting

One-Step Solvent Evaporation-Assisted 3D Printing of Piezoelectric PVDF Nanocomposite Structures

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