Polarized reflectance of alkali metal—graphite intercalation compounds

Zanini, Margherita; Fischer, J. E.

doi:10.1016/0025-5416(77)90031-3

Cited by 49 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…With increasing Li concentration, the Drude plasma edge shifts into the visible from the infrared. [19][20][21][22] Stage 3 is green, stage 2 is red, and stage 1 is golden; these assignments are confirmed by in-situ Raman spectroscopy (supporting information) and agree well with previous reports 23 . The entire intercalation sequence is reversible if voltage is reduced to zero.…”

Section: Observation and Simulationsupporting

confidence: 90%

Li Intercalation into Graphite: Direct Optical Imaging and Cahn–Hilliard Reaction Dynamics

Guo

Smith

et al. 2016

J. Phys. Chem. Lett.

103

134

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Section: Observation and Simulationsupporting

confidence: 90%

Li Intercalation into Graphite: Direct Optical Imaging and Cahn–Hilliard Reaction Dynamics

Guo

Smith

et al. 2016

J. Phys. Chem. Lett.

103

134

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“…In the early 1980s, Zanini and Fischer measured the polarized reflectance of stage 2 KC 24 and observed full CT from K to the graphite layer. [171] Oelhafen contested this result with UPS measurements showing that the K 4s energy levels lie close to the Fermi level and demonstrated partial charge transfer in KC 24. [172] Several years later, a theoretical study by DiVencenzo and Rabii calculated the K 4s energy levels to lie close to the Fermi level and also supported the idea of partial charge transfer in potassium-intercalated graphite.…”

Section: Donor-type Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…In the case of KC 8 , however, the intercalant bands lie very close to E F , making the degree of CT difficult to determine. In the early 1980s, Zanini and Fischer measured the polarized reflectance of stage 2 KC 24 and observed full CT from K to the graphite layer . Oelhafen contested this result with UPS measurements showing that the K 4s energy levels lie close to the Fermi level and demonstrated partial charge transfer in KC 24.…”

Section: Electronic Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…HOPG, for example, is highly reflective when E || a but transmits strongly when E || c . Based on this finding, the optical anisotropy in GICs synthesized from HOPG has been studied in order to elucidate distinctive features of the reflectance and transmission …”

Section: Optical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the minimum reflectivity in stage 3 alkali metals occurs at a higher value than for either stage 1 or 2. Interband transitions near 1 eV interfere with the plasma frequency in stage 3, since the compound retains some of its graphitic character …”

Section: Optical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intercalation of Layered Materials from Bulk to 2D

et al. 2019

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Intercalation in few‐layer (2D) materials is a rapidly growing area of research to develop next‐generation energy‐storage and optoelectronic devices, including batteries, sensors, transistors, and electrically tunable displays. Identifying fundamental differences between intercalation in bulk and 2D materials will play a key role in developing functional devices. Herein, advances in few‐layer intercalation are addressed in the historical context of bulk intercalation. First, synthesis methods and structural properties are discussed, emphasizing electrochemical techniques, the mechanism of intercalation, and the formation of a solid‐electrolyte interphase. To address fundamental differences between bulk and 2D materials, scaling relationships describe how intercalation kinetics, structure, and electronic and optical properties depend on material thickness and lateral dimension. Here, diffusion rates, pseudocapacity, limits of staging, and electronic structure are compared for bulk and 2D materials. Next, the optoelectronic properties are summarized, focusing on charge transfer, conductivity, and electronic structure. For energy devices, opportunities also emerge to design van der Waals heterostructures with high capacities and excellent cycling performance. Initial studies of heterostructured electrodes are compared to state‐of‐the‐art battery materials. Finally, challenges and opportunities are presented for 2D materials in energy and optoelectronic applications, along with promising research directions in synthesis and characterization to engineer 2D materials for superior devices.

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Optical anisotropy of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite. Effect of surface preparation

Zanini

Grubisic

Fischer

1978

Physica Status Solidi (b)

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Polarized reflectivity spectra are obtained at near normal incidence from highly oriented pyrolytic graphite surfaces which contain the c-axis (i.e. normal to the cleavage surface). Comparison of spectra from polished and sputter-etched surfaces leads to conclude 5 3.4, consistent with previous determinations by oblique incidence reflectivity and by ellipsometry but substantially lower than recent values based on normal incidence spectra from polished surfaces. The nature of the polish-induced damage is studied by RHEED, and explains the difference between our data and previous results.Polarisierte Reflektivitiitsspektren hochorientierter Oberfliichen pyrolytischen Graphits werden mit nahezu senkrechtem Lichteinfall relativ zur Oberfliiche und zu [Ool] gemessen. Ein Vergleich der Spektren polierter und sputter-geiitzter Oberfliichen fiihrt zu E I J 3,4, in Ubereinstimmung mit vorhergehenden Reflektivitiitsmessungen mittels schriig einfallendem Licht und Ellipsometrie, jedoch erheblich niedriger als kiirzlich berichtete Werte, die von Spektren mit senkrechtem Lichteinfall auf polierten Oberfliichen erhalten wurden. Die Art der durch Polieren erzeugten Oberfliichenzerstiirung wird mit RHEED untersucht. Die Untersuchung kliirt die Griinde fur den Unterschied zwischen den erhaltenen Werten und friiheren Ergebnissen.

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Polarized reflectance of alkali metal—graphite intercalation compounds

Cited by 49 publications

References 7 publications

Li Intercalation into Graphite: Direct Optical Imaging and Cahn–Hilliard Reaction Dynamics

Li Intercalation into Graphite: Direct Optical Imaging and Cahn–Hilliard Reaction Dynamics

Intercalation of Layered Materials from Bulk to 2D

Optical anisotropy of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite. Effect of surface preparation

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