Police Officer Use of Force Mindset and Street-Level Behavior

Paoline, Eugene A.; Terrill, William; Somers, Logan J.

doi:10.1177/10986111211025523

Cited by 32 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Bovendien zouden jongere medewerkers meer risico lopen op het meemaken van agressie ( Van Reemst & Fischer, 2019). Het gebruik van geweld door de politie blijkt samen te hangen met situationele kenmerken, zoals de regio (Kuin et al, 2020;Paoline et al, 2021). Politiegeweld blijkt het vaakst te worden gebruikt in het weekend en 's nachts, en in de openbare ruimte (Kuin et al, 2020).…”

Section: Theoretisch Kader En Literatuuroverzichtunclassified

Agressie tegen politiemedewerkers en omgang met burgers: wederkerige beïnvloeding of gemeenschappelijke oorzaken?

Reemst¹,

Fischer²,

Weerman³

2022

Tijdschrift Voor Criminologie

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Section: Theoretisch Kader En Literatuuroverzichtunclassified

Agressie tegen politiemedewerkers en omgang met burgers: wederkerige beïnvloeding of gemeenschappelijke oorzaken?

Reemst¹,

Fischer²,

Weerman³

2022

Tijdschrift Voor Criminologie

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“…An officer's perception of what should guide the degree of force to be used is contingent on the citizen's behavior [74,75]. At the upper end of nonlethal force is the display of strong nonphysical and physical noncompliance.…”

Section: Summary Of Agreement Interrater Consistency Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Three-Step Reliability Strategy Applied to Police-Worn Body Camera Footage

Kroner

Schafer

2022

Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies

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Strong inferences are drawn from police-worn body camera (BWC) footage, frequently without an assessment of reliability. Unique characteristics of BWC footage (i.e., capturing trends and less frequent behavior, a focal actor (officer) is absent) suggest a specific reliability strategy. A three-step strategy of selecting appropriate reliability indexes, providing salient reliability categories, and ranking the reliability categories was applied to BWC footage. Five interrater agreement ( A C 1 , α ^ K , B − P coefficient, r wg , ad . m ), two interrater consistency ICC 1 , 1 , ICC 2 , 1 , and three internal consistency ( ω t , ω h , GLB ) indexes were applied to police BWC footage. A focus was to ascertain the upper limits of reliability for BWC footage. Item development and rater training were conducted to optimize rating reliability. Using a within design and confidence intervals, the relatively stronger and weaker reliabilities across the six domains of video completeness, respect (passive, active, discourse), threats, and behavioral stance were assessed. Applied to the admissibility of court evidence, central aspects of video completeness have relatively stronger reliabilities. For research, lower reliabilities have a cost of limited generalizability and ecological validity. Policy recommendations include the usage of a standardized scale with multiple ratings to determine what information should be used in high-stake decision-making based on BWC footage. The three-step strategy integrated the reliability indexes into a single figure to reflect a reliability summary of each component of BWC footage. Weighted rankings found the Overall Audio Quality (-4.9) and Empathy (-4.9) items to have the weakest reliabilities and the Clarification (5.1) and Physical Resistance (4.9) items to have the strongest reliabilities.

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“…Much of this is due to how danger has been operationalized in past studies. For example, measures used in the prior literature have frequently consisted of highly aggregated assessments of danger, such as the degree to which officers believe they work in a dangerous occupation, or whether they agree that their job is more dangerous than other professions (Cullen et al, 1983; Ingram et al, 2013; Paoline et al, 2021; Paoline & Gau, 2018; Somers & Terrill, 2022; Terrill et al, 2003). Further, the current discourse surrounding the danger of policing, especially in armed suspect situations, is largely being led by members of the public, media, and politicians.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viewing Firearm Danger Through the Lens of Police Officers

Terrill

Somers

2022

Homicide Studies

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Despite danger being an integral part of officer decision-making during potentially lethal encounters (see Graham v. Connor), the study of officers’ perceptions of danger is scarce. Using a survey of over 800 police officers located in a large metropolitan police department, this study assesses officers’ perceptions of danger in different types of armed citizen situations involving various levels of citizen resistance. It also identifies various contextual factors and officer characteristics in relation to danger. The findings are used to inform future research, departmental policy, officer training, and the “objective reasonableness” standard put in place by the Supreme Court.

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Police Officer Use of Force Mindset and Street-Level Behavior

Cited by 32 publications

References 62 publications

Agressie tegen politiemedewerkers en omgang met burgers: wederkerige beïnvloeding of gemeenschappelijke oorzaken?

Agressie tegen politiemedewerkers en omgang met burgers: wederkerige beïnvloeding of gemeenschappelijke oorzaken?

A Three-Step Reliability Strategy Applied to Police-Worn Body Camera Footage

Viewing Firearm Danger Through the Lens of Police Officers

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