Policies, Regulations, and Laws Affecting Clonal Forestry

Muhs, Hans-J.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-84813-1_13

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…A combination of controlled crossing with mixed propagation can be used for the mass production of reproductive material, i.e., vegetative multiplication of young seedlings from full-sib families (Boyle et al 1997). This method of regeneration is called "family forestry" (Nikles 1992, Muhs 1993 Boyle et al 1997). In this sense, the SO should ensure the improvement of the quality and quantity of seeds, in comparison to the SS (Sweet 1995), but it contains a limited number of genotypes.…”

Section: How Mass Production Of Forest Reproductive Materials Influencmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic diversity and forest reproductive material - from seed source selection to planting

Ivetić¹,

Devetaković²,

Nonić³

et al. 2016

iForest

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Relation between genetic diversity and mass production of forest reproductive material is discussed in a holistic manner. In industrial forest plantations, narrow genetic diversity is desirable and reproductive material is produced at clone level. On the other hand, in conservation forestry a wide genetic diversity is imperative. Beside management goals, a desirable level of genetic diversity is related to rotation cycle and ontogeny of tree species. Risks of failure are lower in short rotations of fast growing species. In production of slow growing species, managed in long rotations, the reduction of genetic diversity increases the risk of failure due to causes unknown or unexpected at the time of planting. This risk is additionally increased in cases of seed transfer and in conditions of climate change. Every step in production of forest reproductive material, from collection to nursery production, has an effect on genetic diversity mainly by directional selection and should be considered. This review revealed no consistent decrease of genetic diversity during forest reproductive material production and planting.

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Section: How Mass Production Of Forest Reproductive Materials Influencmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic diversity and forest reproductive material - from seed source selection to planting

Ivetić¹,

Devetaković²,

Nonić³

et al. 2016

iForest

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“…Germany and Sweden in particular have had regulations governing minimum numbers of clones that can be used (MUHS, 1993). These regulations are aimed primarily at protecting individual stands or larger regions from the dangers inherent in using only a few clones.…”

Section: A1 Clonal Forestrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These regulations are aimed primarily at protecting individual stands or larger regions from the dangers inherent in using only a few clones. They require minimum numbers of clones ranging from 20 to 500, depending on the size of the planting programs in the region and the degree to which the clonal mixture has been tested (MUHS, 1993). LIBBY (1982), and others ROBERDS, 1997, 1999;ROBERDS et al, 1990;ROBERDS and BISHIR, 1997) dissent, however, showing that the use of a large number of clones rarely provides a level of risk significantly different from that obtained from 20 to 40 clones.…”

Section: A1 Clonal Forestrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in Volume Production Through Clonal Deployment: Results From a Simulation Model to Minimize Risk for Both a Currently Known and Unknown Future Pest

et al. 2006

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A simulation model was developed to examine optimum patterns of deploying selected clones in the hypothetical situations of both a currently known pest and an unknown future pest. We modelled the interactions between Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.), an economically important forest tree in British Columbia and the northwestern U.S., and the spruce terminal weevil (Pissodes strobi (Peck)), a major pest in western spruces. The model is combined with the Province of British Columbia's Tree and Stand Simulator (TASS) model to drive individual tree growth and stand establishment and development.Two clonal-sampling strategies are examined: a randomly drawn set of genotypes or clones, to depict the potential consequences of a new (e.g., exotic) or a previously unimportant natural pest attacking a 'random' set of genotypes, and a 'fixed' set of clones, emulating a 'commercial' or known set of clones for growth and resistance mechanisms. Simulations use a range of numbers of genotypes or clones (2, 6, 18 and 30), and three deployment patterns (a random mixture of ramets, single-clone blocks, and a mosaic of smaller clonal blocks), in one and five hectare (Ha) stands. Total merchantable timber volume on a per Ha basis at harvest age 80 is used to compare the various combinations and schemes.With both random and fixed chosen sets of clones, the random planting pattern (i.e., random mixture of ramets from the clonal set) produced the most volume. Eighteen randomly chosen clones generally produced more volume, than 2, 6 and 30 clones, but differences among 6, 18 and 30 clones were small in most cases, irrespective of planting pattern. For fixed clones, the use of more resistant clones with higher growth potential produced more volume; however, pure clonal blocks of the best clone were not better than a mixture of that clone and an inferior one. Reducing the effects of insect activity and attack on trees, by lowering the average annual temperature in the model, or turning off all insect 'activity', increased merchantable volume but did not change the optimum number of clones (~18) or deployment pattern (random mixture). Forestry agencies can weigh these findings against economic advantages of block plantings of similar genotypes, in the choice of an appropriate number of clones and a deployment strategy.

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Analysis of failure time in clonally propagated plant populations

Bishir

Roberds

1995

Mathematical Biosciences

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Policies, Regulations, and Laws Affecting Clonal Forestry

Cited by 6 publications

References 3 publications

Genetic diversity and forest reproductive material - from seed source selection to planting

Genetic diversity and forest reproductive material - from seed source selection to planting

Variation in Volume Production Through Clonal Deployment: Results From a Simulation Model to Minimize Risk for Both a Currently Known and Unknown Future Pest

Analysis of failure time in clonally propagated plant populations

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