Policies to reduce energy use and environmental emissions in the transport sector

Bose, Ranjan K.; Srinivasachary, V

doi:10.1016/s0301-4215(97)00106-7

Cited by 48 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…With the revitalization of many downtown areas in large urban centers [14,15], and the increased awareness surrounding energy-saving methods of transportation, there has been a push both nationally in the United States [16,17], as well as globally [18,19], towards an increased use of mass transit systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A diversity of Antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus spp. in a Public Transportation System

Yeh

Simon

Millar

et al. 2011

Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives

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ObjectivesOur goal was to determine the diversity and abundance of Staphylococcus bacteria on different components of a public transportation system in a mid-sized US city (Portland, Oregon) and to examine the level of drug resistance in these bacteria.MethodsWe collected 70 samples from 2 cm × 4 cm sections from seven different areas on buses and trains in Portland, USA, taking 10 samples from each area. We isolated a subset of 14 suspected Staphylococcus spp. colonies based on phenotype, and constructed a phylogeny from16S rRNA sequences to assist in identification. We used the Kirbye–Bauer disk diffusion method to determine resistance levels to six common antibiotics.ResultsWe found a range of pathogenic Staphylococcus species. The mean bacterial colony counts were 97.1 on bus and train floors, 80.1 in cloth seats, 9.5 on handrails, 8.6 on seats and armrests at bus stops, 3.8 on the underside of seats, 2.2 on windows, and 1.8 on vinyl seats per 8 cm2 sample area. These differences were significant (p < 0.001). Of the 14 isolates sequenced, 11 were staphylococci, and of these, five were resistant to penicillin and ampicillin, while only two displayed intermediate resistance to bacitracin. All 11 isolates were sensitive to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, vancomycin, and tetracycline.ConclusionsWe found six different strains of Staphylococcus, and while there were varying levels of drug resistance, we did not find extensive levels of multidrug-resistant bacteria, and no S. aureus was found. We found floors and cloth seats to be areas on buses and trains that showed particularly high levels of bacteria.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A diversity of Antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus spp. in a Public Transportation System

Yeh

Simon

Millar

et al. 2011

Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives

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“…Bose and Srivinasachary investigated the factors affecting energy consumption in the transportation sector in Delhi. They aimed to estimate the energy demand in the passenger transport sector of Delhi, using the Long Range Energy Alternatives Planning (LEAP) software and creating 5 different scenarios [19]. Shabbir and Ahmad studied monitoring urban transport air pollution and energy demand in Ravalpindi and Islamabad using the LEAP model.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Estimation of Transport Energy Demand in Turkey via Artificial Neural Networks

Çodur

Ünal²

2019

PROMET

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The transportation sector accounts for nearly 19% of total energy consumption in Turkey, where energy demand increases rapidly depending on the economic and human population growth and the increasing number of motor vehicles. Hence, the estimation of future energy demand is of great importance to design, plan and use the transportation systems more efficiently, for which a reliable quantitative estimation is of primary concern. However, the estimation of transport energy demand is a complex task, since various model parameters are interacting with each other. In this study, artificial neural networks were used to estimate the energy demand in transportation sector in Turkey. Gross domestic product, oil prices, population, vehicle-km, ton-km and passenger-km were selected as parameters by considering the data for the period from 1975 to 2016. Seven models in total were created and analyzed. The best yielding model with the parameters of oil price, population and motor vehicle-km was determined to have the lowest error and the highest R2 values. This model was selected to estimate transport energy demand for the years 2020, 2023, 2025 and 2030.

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“…Therefore, several scholars have conducted a large number of studies on the analysis of energy saving and emission mitigation potential of public transportation, the evaluation and optimization of transport sector policy and the assessment of residents' health welfare. In the term of pollution measurement and policy evaluation and optimization, many earlier studies used the LEAP model to analyze the energy conservation and emission mitigation policies formulated by the highway and railway passenger transport departments in different cities and concluded that controlling private cars, fuel economy management and fuel taxation are the three most effective measures to achieve the reduction goal (Bose & Srinivasachary, 1997;Yan & Crookes, 2009). Some studies used scenario analysis to assess the impact of pollutant emissions from China's transport sector on air quality under different emission standards, and found that various pollutant emissions will be reduced more than 50% in the context of implementing strict emission standards by 2020, which will greatly improve the air quality of China and even East Asia (Saikawa et al, 2011).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Environmental Impacts and Economic Benefits on Comprehensively Promoting Alternative Fuel Buses in China: Life-Cycle and Scenario Analysis Based on LEAP Model

Xie¹

2019

GEP

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With the continuous development of urban public transportation, the harmful GHG emissions and pollutants generated by itself and the consequent issues such as the losses of residents' health, economic value and residents' welfare have become the focus of social attention. In order to study the impacts of promoting new energy vehicles on public transportation pollution mitigation and residents' health benefits, this paper adopts the LEAP model to build some scenarios that fulfill different development needs to quantitatively analyze the ownership of new energy buses, the reduction of pollutants and the losses of residents' health welfare. It is concluded that promoting new energy buses comprehensively can significantly reduce the emissions of atmospheric pollutants and the economic losses of residents' health, but cannot fully realize the targets of greenhouse gas reduction under Life Cycle Analysis.

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Policies to reduce energy use and environmental emissions in the transport sector

Cited by 48 publications

References 1 publication

A diversity of Antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus spp. in a Public Transportation System

A diversity of Antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus spp. in a Public Transportation System

An Estimation of Transport Energy Demand in Turkey via Artificial Neural Networks

The Environmental Impacts and Economic Benefits on Comprehensively Promoting Alternative Fuel Buses in China: Life-Cycle and Scenario Analysis Based on LEAP Model

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