Policing rural Canada

Ruddell, Rick; Lithopoulos, Savvas

doi:10.4324/9781315755885-44

Cited by 14 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…Significant populations, upwards of 20 to 30 percent, continue to live in rural areas, even in developed countries such as Australia, Canada, the United States, France, Germany, and Japan (Statistics Canada, 2012). In addition, in countries like Australia and Canada, crime rates are often higher in rural and regional areas (Hogg and Carrington 2006 ; Ruddell 2016 ). In the context of COVID-19, these areas suffer greater harms because of decreased access to social/medical services.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Somehow I always end up alone: COVID-19, social isolation and crime in Queensland, Australia

Andresen

Hodgkinson

2020

Crime Sci

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The COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically affected social life. In efforts to reduce the spread of the virus, countries around the world implemented social restrictions, including social distancing, working from home, and the shuttering of numerous businesses. These social restrictions have also affected crime rates. In this study, we investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the frequency of offending (crimes include property, violent, mischief, and miscellaneous) in Queensland, Australia. In particular, we examine this impact across numerous settings, including rural, regional and urban. We measure these shifts across the restriction period, as well as the staged relaxation of these restrictions. In order to measure impact of this period we use structural break tests. In general, we find that criminal offences have significantly decreased during the initial lockdown, but as expected, increased once social restrictions were relaxed. These findings were consistent across Queensland’s districts, save for two areas. We discuss how these findings are important for criminal justice and social service practitioners when operating within an extraordinary event.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Somehow I always end up alone: COVID-19, social isolation and crime in Queensland, Australia

Andresen

Hodgkinson

2020

Crime Sci

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“…Internationally, urbanization is considered a key indicator of crime (Dijk et al, 2007). However, Canadian crime rates are not reported based on rural or urban boundaries; instead, information is provided from within or outside of metropolitan areas, with less known about rural violence (Ruddell & Lithopoulos, 2016). Northcott (2015) reported that Canadian domestic violence rates are higher in rural versus urban areas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nurse-Family Partnership and Geography: An Intersectional Perspective

Campbell

MacKinnon

Dobbins

et al. 2020

Global Qualitative Nursing Research

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Nurse-Family Partnership is a targeted public health intervention program designed to improve child and maternal health through nurse home visiting. In the context of a process evaluation, we posed the question: “In what ways do Canadian public health nurses explain their experiences with delivering this program across different geographical environments?” The qualitative methodology of interpretive description guided study decisions and data were collected through 10 focus groups with 50 nurses conducted over 2 years. We applied an intersectionality lens to explore the influence of all types of geography on the delivery of Nurse-Family Partnership. The findings from our analysis suggest that the nature of clients’ place and their associated social and physical geography emphasizes inadequacies of organizational and support structures that create health inequities for clients. Geography had a significant impact on program delivery for clients who were living with multiple forms of oppression and it worked to reinforce disadvantage.

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“…Studies of policing rural and remote Aboriginal communities are further limited in that there has been little attention paid to the roles and deployment of non-sworn Although the titles of these non-sworn officials differ they are all intended to improve police visibility, act as positive role models for youth, engage in crime prevention and act as a buffer between the police and public (Ruddell, 2015). Sunahara (2006) pointed out that these officials have knowledge of community dynamics and can diffuse conflicts in a culturally sensitive manner.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Regardless of the specific policing arrangements that evolved in North America and elsewhere, the quality of rural policing is of great interest to the tens of millions of 780 PIJPSM 37,4 citizens living in these areas, especially given that rates of crime are often higher than in cities (Donnermeyer and DeKeseredy, 2014;Francisco and Chenier, 2007;Ruddell, 2015). Urban law enforcement organizations and city residents also have an interest in what happens in the countryside.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, in many nations, the costs of rural policing are borne by all taxpayers, and "unlike urban policing, where agency administrators can take greater advantage of economies of scale, the nature of rural policing -vast areas that must be served -make it cost inefficient" ( Jones et al, 2013, p. 48). For example, in the Canadian city of Toronto (with 2.6 million residents) policing costs accounted for 11.3 percent of the 2014 municipal budget, but cities of 250,000 residents are typically projected to spend between 20 and 25 percent of their budgets on policing and some rural Canadian communities pay an even greater proportion (Ruddell, 2015).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Crime, costs, and well being: policing Canadian Aboriginal communities

Ruddell

Lithopoulos

Jones

2014

Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies &Amp; Management

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to compare the community level factors associated with police strength and operational costs in Aboriginal police services from four different geographic zones, including remote communities inaccessible by road[1]. Design/methodology/approach – Analysis of variance was used to determine whether there was a statistically significant difference in per capita policing costs, the officer to resident ratio, an index of community well-being and crime severity in 236 rural and remote Canadian communities. Findings – The authors found that places that were geographically inaccessible or further from urban areas had rates of police-reported crime several times the national average and low levels of community well-being. Consistent with those results, the per capita costs of policing were many times greater than the national average, in part due to higher officer to resident ratios. Research limitations/implications – These results are from rural Canada and might not be generalizable to other nations. Practical implications – Given the complex needs of these communities, these findings reinforce the importance of delivering full-time professional police services in rural and remote communities. Short duration or temporary postings may reduce police legitimacy as residents may perceive that their rural or Aboriginal status makes them less valued than city dwellers. As a result, agencies should prioritize the retention of experienced officers in these communities. Originality/value – These findings validate the observations of officers about the challenges that must be overcome in policing these distinctive communities. This information can be used to inform future studies of rural and remote policing.

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Policing rural Canada

Cited by 14 publications

References 0 publications

Somehow I always end up alone: COVID-19, social isolation and crime in Queensland, Australia

Somehow I always end up alone: COVID-19, social isolation and crime in Queensland, Australia

Nurse-Family Partnership and Geography: An Intersectional Perspective

Crime, costs, and well being: policing Canadian Aboriginal communities

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