Policy, law, and public opposition: the prospects for abyssal ocean waste disposal in the United States

Kite-Powell, Hauke L.; Hoagland, Porter; Jin, Di

doi:10.1016/s0924-7963(97)00036-5

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…These marine protected areas, or no-take zones (Halpern & Warner 2002) benefit many marine taxa, increase biodiversity, biomass and population sizes (Kelleher et al 1995;Halpern 2003;Grantham et al 2011). Some laws exist worldwide that prohibit dumping of wastes (both plastic and otherwise) in the ocean, but these are difficult to enforce (Leitzell 1972;Kite-Powell et al 1998) and a reevaluation of these measures is required. Clearly an ultimate solution to entanglements is elusive in that plastics continue to be produced en masse and existing products have a long postproduction life in the environment.…”

Section: The Future?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pinniped entanglement in oceanic plastic pollution: A global review

Jepsen

Bruyn

2019

Marine Pollution Bulletin

121

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Section: The Future?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pinniped entanglement in oceanic plastic pollution: A global review

Jepsen

Bruyn

2019

Marine Pollution Bulletin

121

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“…Throughout history, oceans have provided humans with substantial food resources and a means for waste disposal [1][2][3] and transporting goods and people 4 . This has transformed many coastal cities into regional and global centers of wealth and population growth 5 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urbanization is associated with reduced genetic diversity in marine fish populations

Karachaliou,

Schmidt,

de Greef

et al. 2024

Preprint

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The economic and ecological benefits of living by the ocean have led many coastal settlements to grow into large densely populated cities. Large coastal cities have had considerable environmental effects on marine ecosystems through resource extraction, waste disposal, and use for transportation. Thus, it is important to understand the consequences of urbanization and human activities on evolutionary processes and biodiversity in marine fishes. Using published population genetic datasets for marine fishes amounting to 75,496 individuals sampled from 73 species at 1143 sample sites throughout the world’s oceans, we evaluated how human population density and a composite measure of cumulative human impacts affected genetic diversity and differentiation. We found that genetic diversity was significantly lower in marine fish populations associated with denser human populations regardless of species and locality. The effects of cumulative human impacts on genetic diversity were less prominent, perhaps due to this measure capturing more spatially varying processes. Urbanization in coastal regions has degraded marine biodiversity in a way that erodes adaptive potential for marine fish populations. This highlights the need to mitigate threats from human activities and focus efforts on sustainable urban planning and resource use to conserve marine biodiversity sustaining coastal fisheries and ecosystems.

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“…Moreover, ocean dumping is often the least expensive option for waste disposal (KitePowell et al, 1998). However, since the 1970s, there has been growing recognition that the ocean is not completely immune to the effects of ocean dumping, and such activities are now either highly regulated or prohibited in many parts of the world (Kite-Powell et al, 1998). Any attempt to control ocean dumping or estimate its effects on the marine environment would require international cooperation, because ocean dumping by one country would affect the marine environment around many other countries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of heavy metals in marine sediments at the ocean waste disposal site in the Yellow Sea, South Korea

2009

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We attempted to evaluate variations in the properties of sediments at a waste disposal site in the Yellow Sea resulting from the last 17 years of ocean dumping. The comparison between the affected surface sediment by ocean dumping and unaffected bottom sediment properties revealed that the mean grain size, Loss on ignition (LOI), and mineralogy were only slightly influenced by the ocean dumping, while some stations in the study area exhibited a heavy metal anomaly. Enrichment of heavy metals also has influenced inflow of waste since 1994 and rapidly increased after 1999, and the heavy metals in the surface sediment were controlled by anthropogenic sources such as ocean dumping, while the heavy metals in the bottom sediment were controlled by the weathering process. Also, Metal enrichment in the study area may have been caused by ocean dumping, because the time of heavy metal enrichment corresponds to the increasing time of ocean dumping. Furthermore, enrichment factor and geoaccumulation index suggested that the concentrations of heavy metals besides Cd and Pb were not significant, but the sediment accumulated after 1994 at some sites exhibited Pb and Cd anomalies.

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Policy, law, and public opposition: the prospects for abyssal ocean waste disposal in the United States

Cited by 10 publications

References 19 publications

Pinniped entanglement in oceanic plastic pollution: A global review

Pinniped entanglement in oceanic plastic pollution: A global review

Urbanization is associated with reduced genetic diversity in marine fish populations

Distribution of heavy metals in marine sediments at the ocean waste disposal site in the Yellow Sea, South Korea

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