Polinização por beija-flores em uma área de caatinga no Município de Floresta, Pernambuco, Nordeste do Brasil

Abstract

-(Pollination by hummingbirds in a "caatinga" area in Pernambuco State, northeastern Brazil). Ornithophilous plants were studied in a caatinga area (8º36'00" S and 38º34'5" W) in the State of Pernambuco, Northeast of Brazil, from July 2002 to June 2003. Eight ornithophilous species, belonging to five families and seven genera, were registered in the studied community. Cactaceae was the most representative family, with three species pollinated by hummingbirds, followed by Bromeliaceae with two species. Excepting for Bromelia laciniosa Mart. ex Schult. f. and Neoglaziovia variegata (Arruda) Mez (Bromeliaceae), the remaining species had flowering peak in the dry season. Fifty percent of the species have herbaceous habit, followed by shrubs (37.5%). Most species have red flowers (62.5%) and all of them have tubular flowers with corolla length of 20.2 ± 5.6 mm. Sugar concentration in the nectar varied from 18% to 33% and the volume from 22 to 41 µL. There were species flowering throughout the whole year. Five hummingbird species visited the flowers in the community and only one was considered resident. Chlorostilbon aureoventris (d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1838), due to its frequency and visiting behaviour, was considered as the dominant species. The number of ornithophilous species is lower than those found in other ecosystems as, for example, in the Atlantic forest remnants and some other Neotropical areas. Furthermore, a Trochilinae hummingbird, and not a Phaethornithinae, acted as the "community organizer" species.

Beija-flores (Aves: Trochilidae) e seus recursos florais em uma área de caatinga da Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brasil

“…São poucos os estudos que contemplam os ciclos sazonais destas comunidades (e.g. FISCHER & ARAUJO 1995, SAZIMA et al 1996, BUZATO et al 2000, ARAUJO & SAZIMA 2003, KAEHLER et al 2005, LEAL et al 2006, MACHADO & SEMIR 2006, MACHADO et al 2007.…”

“…MACHADO & SAZIMA 1995, MACHADO & LOPES 2002, 2004, LEAL et al 2006, COLAÇO et al 2006, MACHADO et al 2007. Na Chapada Diamantina, porção norte da Cadeia do Espinhaço, no Estado da Bahia, apesar da riqueza de tipos vegetacionais, da grande diversidade e do elevado endemismo de espécies vegetais (GIULIETTI et al 1997, JUNCÁ et al 2005, as investigações sobre este tipo de interação somente foram conduzidas em áreas de campo rupestre (COLAÇO et al 2006, MACHADO et al 2007.…”

New range limit of the Anopetia gounellei (Aves: Trochilidae): state of art and a review on the updated area

“…Studies concerning seasonality of A. gounellei reported the species on caatinga and humid vegetation in both dry and rainy seasons, as well as resident and occasional (Olmos, 1993;Santos, 2004;Leal et al, 2006;Santos et al, 2012;Silva et al, 2012;Silveira & Santos, 2012;Ruiz-Esparza et al, 2015). We found only one seasonality record for cerrado-like vegetation which reported A. gounellei as occasional on an area close to caatinga, and during a severe drought (Machado, 2014).…”

“…Humid vegetation also appeared in lowlands (Silva, 2009;Silva et al, 2012;Ruiz-Esparza et al, 2015). However, the majority of vegetation recorded belongs to the caatinga type, ranging from shrubby caatinga to dense arboreal caatinga Olmos et al, 2005;Leal et al, 2006;Vasconcelos et al, 2006;Farias, 2007;Araujo et al, 2012;Olmos & Albano, 2012); cerrado and rocky fields were also reported but in a small number (Dornelas et al, 2012;Machado, 2014;Pereira et al, 2014).…”

Biologia reprodutiva de Psychotria spectabilis Steyrm. e Palicourea cf. virens (Poepp & Endl.) Standl. (Rubiaceae) em uma floresta tropical úmida na região de Manaus, AM, Brasil

“…virens embora tenham sido baixos, estão de acordo com o encontrado para espécies ornitófilas (Sazima et al 1996;Buzato et al 2000;Leal et al 2006). Essa baixa produção de néctar registrada pode representar uma estratégia para que os animais precisem visitar flores de outros indivíduos em busca de mais recursos gerando com isso, um grande movimento entre os indivíduos da mesma espécie e promovendo a polinização cruzada, principalmente para as espécies que apresentam heterostilia, como é o caso de Psychotria spectabilis.…”