Political barriers of implementing carbon markets in Japan: A Public Choice analysis and the empirical evidence before and after the Fukushima nuclear disaster

Rudolph, Sven; Schneider, Friedrich

doi:10.1007/s10018-012-0049-z

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Similarly, Rudolph and Schneider (2013) (2013), we cannot confirm the notion in parts of the public choice literature (Kirchgässner & Schneider, 2003) that bureaucracies object to market-based instruments. The reason may be that in our case both ministries profit from the taxes, MEST because of their environmental impacts and MoFEP because of the tax revenue.…”

Section: Actors and Their Behaviorcontrasting

confidence: 64%

“…Regulated industries will support regulations as long as their marginal rent exceeds the marginal cost of lobbying and information exchange (Stigler, 1971). Hence, within the frame of environmental regulation, the main goal of industries is to minimize the burden of environmental regulation (Kollmann and Schneider, 2010;Rudolph & Schneider, 2013). Also, they aim at reducing uncertainty towards investment decisions.…”

Section: Public Choice As a Framework To Analyze Environmental Policymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, Markussen and Svendsen (2005) analyze how lobbying influenced the EU-emissions-trading-scheme and find that it led to a grandfathered permit allocation rule. Lobbying by powerful industrial interests in connection with a reluctant public administration also prevent a functioning carbon market in Japan (Rudolph & Schneider, 2013). The vote of citizens has a decisive influence on the policy process, and Halla, Schneider, and Wagner (2013) find that the satisfaction of European citizens with democracy is positively related with the existence of environmental policies and high environmental expenditure but negatively with the level of environmental taxes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The emergence of environmental taxes in Ghana—A public choice analysis

Kombat¹,

Wätzold

2018

Env Pol Gov

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Environmental pollution has become a huge problem in many parts of Africa. Until a few years ago, the prevalent response of African governments was the introduction of command and control instruments. This trend has changed and some African countries are now turning their attention to the use of economic instruments including taxes. One of the countries that has introduced environmental taxes is Ghana. This paper analyzes the policy processes related to the emergence and implementation of three environmental taxes in Ghana, namely, taxes on plastics, overaged vehicles, and petroleum applying a public choice approach as the framework of analysis. Overall, we find that all actors behaved as proposed by public choice resulting in environmental tax designs that do not follow what economists consider optimal. Nevertheless, the taxes contributed to mitigate environmental problems, partly because a share of the tax revenue was used for this purpose. Thus, environmental taxes have the potential to mitigate environmental problems in Africa provided functioning administrations are in place. This is, however, currently not the case in many African countries.

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Section: Actors and Their Behaviorcontrasting

confidence: 64%

Section: Public Choice As a Framework To Analyze Environmental Policymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The emergence of environmental taxes in Ghana—A public choice analysis

Kombat¹,

Wätzold

2018

Env Pol Gov

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“…This catastrophic event raised public concern about the extensive use of nuclear energy needed to sustain deep cuts in GHG emissions (Rudolph and Schneider 2013), effectively killing off the Japanese ETS. Regional carbon trading in the U.S. also entered a difficult time.…”

Section: Limited Gains: the Involvement Of Financementioning

confidence: 99%

Powered by the state or finance? The organization of China’s carbon markets

Howes

2013

Eurasian Geography and Economics

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This paper reviews the progress of carbon trading in China and examines the involvement of the state and financial sectors. China witnessed proliferation of domestic carbon markets before attempting to institutionalize the carbon trading regime. Direct and strong government intervention is a key feature of this process. The domestic carbon markets are primarily created, shaped, and operated by the central and local governments supported by a cohort of macro-economic planners, local economic agencies, state-owned financial institutions, and business organizations with government backing. Key market players are institutionally dependent on the state -much more so than in capitalist economies. Private investments have not been adequately and effectively mobilized due to unfavorable economic, regulatory, and policy conditions. Non-state financial actors are not an active and influential player. This indicates a hierarchical relationship between the state and finance and a clear asymmetry of power in the organization of China's carbon markets. These observations constitute a notable difference to the international carbon markets, which are subject to the strong influence of private finance. China has put the market-based policy instrument of carbon trading under a substantial concentration of state power. The findings have important implications for understanding the rise of carbon markets in non-traditional capitalist economies.

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“…Applying these basic ideas to energy and climate policy, environmental effectiveness, economic efficiency and social justice should be guiding principles (Rudolph et al 2012). Concerning the environment, issues such as climate protection, air pollution control, responsible resource and land use or nuclear safety have to be considered.…”

Section: The Necessity Of a Policy MIXmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards a sustainable climate and energy policy mix: insights from theory and the case of Japan

Rudolph

Kawakatsu²,

Lerch³

2015

Environmental Pricing

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The 2011 Fukushima nuclear disaster and rapid global warming emphasize the necessity of reorganizing our energy system; but how do we get there? Energy and climate policy are obviously interlinked, e.g. via carbon dioxide (CO 2) emissions from fossil fuel burning in electricity generation. Policy targets are interdependent, sometimes even contradicting: The environmental soundness of current energy use has been seriously challenged by nuclear contamination and by greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction barriers from low coal prices, power grid insufficiencies, and oligopolistic market structures. Energy security has been threatened by military conflicts and volatile resource prices, while carbon pricing has made energy use more expensive. In order to achieve the variety of climate and energy policy targets, a multitude of instruments has been implemented: market-based programs such as carbon cap-and-trade or energy taxes, commandand-control policies such as energy efficiency standards, support schemes such as feed-in tariffs. Obviously these policies directly affect each other: Climate policy cap-and-trade makes electricity generation from fossil fuels more expensive and increases electricity prices. Energy policy feed-in tariffs change the relative prices in power production and make carbon free technologies more attractive. Also, the low-cost provision of electricity has been heavily debated in the face of trade-offs between policy induced power price increases and the call for a fair distribution of energy transformation burdens. 2 Discussion Paper presented at the 15 th Global Conference on Environmental Taxation (GCET 15),

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Political barriers of implementing carbon markets in Japan: A Public Choice analysis and the empirical evidence before and after the Fukushima nuclear disaster

Cited by 10 publications

References 37 publications

The emergence of environmental taxes in Ghana—A public choice analysis

The emergence of environmental taxes in Ghana—A public choice analysis

Powered by the state or finance? The organization of China’s carbon markets

Towards a sustainable climate and energy policy mix: insights from theory and the case of Japan

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