Political democracy, economic liberalization, and macro-sociological models of intergenerational mobility

Gugushvili, Alexi

doi:10.1016/j.ssresearch.2017.06.003

Cited by 14 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…We measured parental and individual socioeconomic status with the International Socio-Economic Index of Occupational Status (ISEI). ISEI scores are widely used in comparative social and health research and were originally derived by estimating values of a latent variable determined by occupation which minimised the direct effect of education on income 16 17…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Equality of opportunity is linked to lower mortality in Europe

Gugushvili

Kaiser

2019

J Epidemiol Community Health

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BackgroundThis study investigates if intergenerational equality of opportunity is linked to mortality in 30 European countries. Equality of opportunity may lead to greater returns on health investments and, consequently, improved health outcomes. In turn, a perceived lack of fairness in the distribution of life chances and limited possibilities for upward intergenerational mobility can cause anxiety among individuals and gradually compromise their health.MethodsWe used information on 163 467 individuals’ and their parents’ Socio-Economic Index of Occupational Status from a large survey data set—the European Social Survey—to generate three complementary measures of equality of opportunity. We then linked these to administrative data on total, gender-specific and cause-specific mortality rates assembled by Eurostat from the national statistical offices.ResultsWe found that lower equality of opportunity, measured by the attainment of individuals from the lowest and highest quartiles of socioeconomic status and by the overall intergenerational correlation in socioeconomic status, was related to higher mortality rates, particularly in relation to diseases of the nervous system and the sense organs, diseases of the respiratory system and external causes of mortality. Our measures of equality of opportunity were more consistently linked with mortality of men than women.ConclusionEquality of opportunity may be an important explanation of mortality that warrants further research. Measures that aim at facilitating intergenerational social mobility can be justified not only via normative considerations of equality of opportunity but also in terms of individuals’ chances to enjoy healthy lives.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Equality of opportunity is linked to lower mortality in Europe

Gugushvili

Kaiser

2019

J Epidemiol Community Health

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“…Our findings not only contribute to the existing scholarship on intergenerational transmission of socio-economic disadvantage in post-communist contexts (Gugushvili 2015 , 2016 , 2017a , b ), but are also relevant in interpreting trends and patterns of smoking among middle-aged and older Russian and Belarusian men and women, with implications for subsequent generations, an issue of importance given increasing smoking among women. Of course, we cannot assume that the strength of intergenerational transmission of smoking will be the same in the future, given the many other factors involved such as shrinking gender differences in smoking.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

Parental transmission of smoking among middle-aged and older populations in Russia and Belarus

Gugushvili

McKee

Azarova

et al. 2018

Int J Public Health

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ObjectivesThe very high rates of smoking among men and the rapid changes among women in the Post-Soviet countries mean that this region offers an opportunity to understand better the intergenerational role of parental influences on smoking.MethodsIn this study, we exploit a unique data set, the PrivMort cohort study conducted in 30 Russian and 20 Belarusian towns in 2014–2015, which collects information on behaviours of middle-aged and older individuals and their parents, including smoking. We explored the associations between smoking by parents and their offspring using multiply imputed data sets and multilevel mixed-effect Poisson regressions.ResultsAdjusting for a wide array of social origin, socio-demographic, and socio-economic variables, our analysis suggests that sons of regularly smoking fathers have prevalence ratios of 1.35 [95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.21–1.50] and 1.39 (CI 1.23–1.58) of smoking, while the figures for daughters of regularly smoking mothers are 1.91 (CI 1.40–2.61) and 2.30 (CI 1.61–3.28), respectively, in Russia and Belarus.ConclusionsIntergenerational paternal and maternal influences on smoking should be taken into account in studies seeking to monitor the rates of smoking and the impact of tobacco control programmes.

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“…Assuming that the beneficial effects of intergenerational social mobility are at least partially derived though social comparisons, then, for instance, sense of control and achievements of upwardly mobile individuals might less important if intergenerational social mobility is a widespread phenomenon. Thus experiencing social mobility Hungary might have more significant health consequences than experiencing social mobility in more fluid countries like Russia and Belarus (Bukodi et al 2017; Gugushvili 2017a, b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One important pathway in these relationships, health-related behaviours, has not received much scholarly attention (Burrows and Nettleton 1995; Hemmingsson et al 1999; Jefferis et al 2004; Karvonen et al 1999; Paavola et al 2004). These are particularly salient in post-socialist societies where the transition has disrupted traditional intergenerational relationships (Gugushvili 2015, 2016a, b, 2017a; Lippényi and Gerber 2016; Titma and Roots 2006) and where certain health-related behaviours play a major role in population health (Bobak et al 1999; Cockerham et al 2006; Fiatal et al 2016; Gilmore et al 2001). While there is sociological research on the trends and correlates of intergenerational social mobility in post-socialist contexts and public health literature on the correlates of drinking and smoking, virtually no studies we are aware of enquire into the links between intergenerational social mobility and health-related behaviours.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intergenerational Mobility in Relative Educational Attainment and Health-Related Behaviours

et al. 2018

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Research on intergenerational social mobility and health-related behaviours yields mixed findings. Depending on the direction of mobility and the type of mechanisms involved, we can expect positive or negative association between intergenerational mobility and health-related behaviours. Using data from a retrospective cohort study, conducted in more than 100 towns across Belarus, Hungary and Russia, we fit multilevel mixed-effects Poisson regressions with two measures of health-related behaviours: binge drinking and smoking. The main explanatory variable, intergenerational educational mobility is operationalised in terms of relative intergenerational educational trajectories based on the prevalence of specified qualifications in parental and offspring generations. In each country the 3associations between intergenerational educational mobility, binge drinking and smoking was examined with incidence rate ratios and predicted probabilities, using multiply imputed dataset for missing data and controlling for important confounders of healthrelated behaviours. We find that intergenerational mobility in relative educational attainment has varying association with binge drinking and smoking and the strength and direction of these effects depend on the country of analysis, the mode of mobility, the gender of respondents and the type of health-related behaviour. Along with accumulation and Falling from Grace hypotheses of the consequences of intergenerational mobility, our findings suggest that upward educational mobility in certain instances might be linked to improved health-related behaviours.

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Political democracy, economic liberalization, and macro-sociological models of intergenerational mobility

Cited by 14 publications

References 82 publications

Equality of opportunity is linked to lower mortality in Europe

Equality of opportunity is linked to lower mortality in Europe

Parental transmission of smoking among middle-aged and older populations in Russia and Belarus

Intergenerational Mobility in Relative Educational Attainment and Health-Related Behaviours

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