“…Overall, the existing literature highlights various unsettled issues. First, the role of political risk is not considered as yet as a component of FSI; this consideration may enhance the predictive power of the composite index (Dziawgo, 2013;Danielsson & Macrae, 2016;Waszkiewicz, 2015Waszkiewicz, , 2017. Second, existing studies consider only crisis stemming from currency, banking and debt markets with little attention given to system-wide events and securities market stress (Balakrishnan et al 2011;Laeven & Valencia, 2013).…”