“…In Western democracies where political leaders are chosen directly by voters, political uncertainty is primarily related to political shock manifested in the year of the election or unforeseen events such as the death of a political leader (Boutchkova et al, 2012; Brogaard and Detzel, 2015; Jones and Olken, 2005; Pastor and Veronesi, 2012). In China, as citizens do not elect local government leaders, political uncertainty is generally seen as shocks resulting from changes in local government leadership and corruption scandals (An et al, 2016; Chen et al, 2018; Liu et al, 2017; Piao et al, 2019; Xu et al, 2016; Zhou, 2017).…”