Migration policy is an independent direction of public policy, which is closely related to its other components, both domestic and foreign policy. It is an element of population policy and, at the same time, as one of the means of projecting the desired population and labor force - part of socio-economic policy, a tool to achieve its goals. Migration policy, on the one hand, is aimed at planning the movement of the population, and on the other - performs the functions of control over it, is a reaction of the state to the spontaneous movement of people. The purpose of the article is to determine the basics of migration policy of the European Union, problematic aspects in migration policy and mechanisms for its improvement. The methodological basis of the work is represented by a set of methodological approaches, a set of philosophical, general scientific and private-scientific methods, which allowed to ensure the reliability and validity of the research results. The main purpose of the article was to present a wide range of results of the study on the generalization of the migration policy of European countries and ways to improve it in today's realities.