Pollen of the Asteraceae from the Paleocene-Eocene of South Africa

Zavada, Michael S.; Villiers, Susan de

doi:10.1080/00173130150503795

Cited by 50 publications

(38 citation statements)

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“…Noteworthy, both the oldest pollen fossils of Asteraceae (Zavada and Villiers 2000) and those of Calyceraceae (Skvarla et al 1977), the closest living relatives to Asteraceae, are acaveate, with the exine showing an Anthemoid pattern in which the sub-tectal columellae support the structured tectum and the foramina are absent. Thus, the acaveate pollen is plesiomorphic, as stated by Wagenitz (1955Wagenitz ( , 1976, Skvarla et al (1977) and Zavada and Villiers (2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As demonstrated by several authors (Wagenitz 1955(Wagenitz , 1976Skvarla and Larson 1965;Skvarla and Turner 1966;Skvarla et al 1977;Bolick 1978Bolick , 1991Praglowsky and Grafstro¨m 1980;Blackmore 1982;Tormo Molina and Ubera Jime´nez 1995;Breitwieser and Sampson 1997;Zavada and Villiers 2000;Ortiz and Pereira Coutinho 2001;Skvarla et al 2005), the comprehension of the pollen exine structure is of great importance to understand the evolution, systematic and ecology of the Asteraceae. Using light microscope (LM), Stix (1960) and Leins (1968Leins ( , 1971 examined the structure of the pollen exine in, respectively, 5 genera and 11 species of Inuleae (which were grouped under 1 pollen type) and 32 genera and 137 species (which were grouped under 20 pollen types).…”

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confidence: 99%

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A contribution to the ultrastructural knowledge of the pollen exine in subtribe Inulinae (Inuleae, Asteraceae)

Coutinho

Dinis

2007

Plant Syst. Evol.

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Abstract. To better understand the relationships within the Asteroideae and Inuleae, the structure of the pollen exine was investigated in seven genera and nine species of the subtribe Inulinae using LM, TEM and SEM. All taxa have a senecioid pattern of exine. The tectal complex consists of three main layers that differ in thickness and morphology: a tectum, a columellar layer, and a layer consisting of the basal region of the columellae. The absence or the vestigial condition of the foramina is considered as a plesiomorphy within the Asteroideae. All taxa have a complex apertural system that consists of an ecto-, a meso-, and an endoaperture. These apertures intersect respectively the tectal complex, the foot layer and the upper part of the endexine, and the inner layer of the endexine. A continuous transition among the different species of Inulinae was found for all the quantitative characters examined. This relative homogeneity of the pollen morphological characters enhances the naturality of the subtribe Inulinae.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

A contribution to the ultrastructural knowledge of the pollen exine in subtribe Inulinae (Inuleae, Asteraceae)

Coutinho

Dinis

2007

Plant Syst. Evol.

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“…from the Paleocene-Eocene boundary of South Africa ( Zavada and De Villiers, 2000 ;Zavada and Lowrey, 2010 ;Barreda et al, 2010a ). We have used this age as a fi xed age of 55.8 Ma for the stem Compositae in the dating analyses.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconstructing the evolution and biogeographic history of tribe Cardueae (Compositae)

Barres

Sanmartín

Anderson

et al. 2013

American J of Botany

123

148

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• Premise of the study: Tribe Cardueae (thistles) forms one of the largest tribes in the family Compositae (2400 species), with representatives in almost every continent. The greatest species richness of Cardueae occurs in the Mediterranean region where it forms an important element of its flora. New fossil evidence and a nearly resolved phylogeny of Cardueae are used here to reconstruct the spatiotemporal evolution of this group.• Methods: We performed maximum parsimony and Bayesian phylogenetic inference based on nuclear ribosomal DNA and chloroplast DNA markers. Divergence times and ancestral area reconstructions for main lineages were estimated using penalized likelihood and dispersal–vicariance analyses, respectively, and integrated over the posterior distribution of the phylogeny from the Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo analysis to accommodate uncertainty in phylogenetic relationships.• Key results: The phylogeny shows that subtribe Cardopatiinae is sister to the remaining subtribes, and subtribes Carlininae and Echinopsinae appear as consecutive sister‐clades to the Carduinae/Centaureinae. Tribe Cardueae is inferred to have originated around the Mid Eocene in West Asia, which is also the ancestral area of most subtribes within Cardueae. Diversification within each subtribe began during the Oligocene‐Miocene period.• Conclusions: Most diversification events within Cardueae are related to the continuous cycles of area connection and division between the Anatolian microplate and the western Mediterranean Basin during the Oligocene‐Miocene and with the uplift of the Himalayan range from the Miocene onward. From these two regions, thistles dispersed and colonized the rest of the continents (e.g., the New World, Africa, and Australia), most likely during the colder Pliocene‐Pleistocene period.

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“…Some older fossil records exist from eocene deposits of southern Africa (Zavada & De Villiers 2000), but Scott et al (2006) pointed out that this dating "requires further confirmation by new research and absolute dating methods". Those reported from the Late eocene of the gulf Coast of Mexico (Elsik & Yancey 2000) might be the oldest ones, but neither description nor illustration was provided.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early history of Asteraceae in Patagonia: Evidence from fossil pollen grains

Katinas

Crisci²,

Tellerı́a³

et al. 2007

New Zealand Journal of Botany

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The Asteraceae are classified into three subfamilies: Barnadesioideae, Cichorioideae, and Asteroideae. It has been suggested that the southern South American subfamily Barnadesioideae is the basal branch of the phylogenetic tree of the family, and Patagonia is the ancestral area of Asteraceae. Here we explore the chronological records of some members of the family, with findings of Mutisiinae (tribe Mutisieae, subfamily Cichorioideae) from the Late oligocene (28-23 Ma) and of Barnadesioideae and Nassauviinae (Mutisieae) from the early Miocene (23-20 Ma), all recovered from marine deposits B07042;

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Pollen of the Asteraceae from the Paleocene-Eocene of South Africa

Cited by 50 publications

References 14 publications

A contribution to the ultrastructural knowledge of the pollen exine in subtribe Inulinae (Inuleae, Asteraceae)

A contribution to the ultrastructural knowledge of the pollen exine in subtribe Inulinae (Inuleae, Asteraceae)

Reconstructing the evolution and biogeographic history of tribe Cardueae (Compositae)

Early history of Asteraceae in Patagonia: Evidence from fossil pollen grains

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