Pollination-, Development-, and Auxin-Specific Regulation of Gibberellin 3β-Hydroxylase Gene Expression in Pea Fruit and Seeds

Ozga, Jocelyn A.; Yu, Jody; Reinecke, Dennis M.

doi:10.1104/pp.102.015974

Cited by 113 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The best-studied system in regard to the control of fruit growth by seed-derived signals is the pea fruit, in which fruit (pod) growth is completely dependent on seed set in WT plants. Developing pea seeds contain a modified auxin, 4Cl-IAA, which has been proposed to move from the seed, via the funiculus, to the surrounding pericarp tissue where it promotes GA biosynthesis and hence fruit growth (Ozga et al 2002(Ozga et al , 2003. This model is also supported by studies in elongating internodes of pea and other species in which apically derived auxin promotes the production of active GAs (Ross and O'Neill 2001;O'Neill and Ross 2002).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Localised and non-localised promotion of fruit development by seeds in Arabidopsis

Cox¹,

Swain²

2006

Functional Plant Biol.

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Abstract. In Arabidopsis, as in the majority of flowering plants, developing seeds promote fruit growth. One method to investigate this interaction is to use plants with reduced seed set and determine the effect on fruit growth. Plants homozygous for a transgene designed to ectopically express a gene encoding a gibberellin-deactivating enzyme exhibit reduced pollen tube elongation, suggesting that the plant hormone gibberellin is required for this process. Reduced pollen tube growth causes reduced seed set and decreased silique (fruit) size, and this genotype is used to explore the relationship between seed set and fruit elongation. A detailed analysis of seed set in the transgenic line reveals that reduced pollen tube growth decreases the probability of each ovule being fertilised. This effect becomes progressively more severe as the distance between the stigma and the ovule increases, revealing the complex biology underlying seed fertilisation. In terms of seed-promoted fruit growth, major localised and minor non-localised components that contribute to final silique length can be identified. This result demonstrates that despite the relatively small size of the fruit and associated structures, Arabidopsis can be used as a model to investigate fundamental questions in fruit physiology.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Localised and non-localised promotion of fruit development by seeds in Arabidopsis

Cox¹,

Swain²

2006

Functional Plant Biol.

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“…Several putative transcription factors expressed in the locular tissue, including Aux/IAA proteins (Jones et al, 2002) or bZIP DNA-binding proteins (Strathmann et al, 2001;Heinekamp et al, 2004), may link hormonal signals by auxin or other phytohormones (Jones et al, 2002;Balbi and Lomax, 2003) to cell growth. Cross-talk between auxins, gibberellins, and cytokinins for the stimulation of cell growth, already demonstrated in developing pea (Pisum sativum) fruit for auxin and gibberellin (Ozga et al, 2002(Ozga et al, , 2003, is also likely to occur in developing tomato locules where GA 20 oxidase (gibberellin synthesis), SPINDLY GA response inhibitor, and zeatin O-glucosyltransferase (cytokinin biosynthesis) are also expressed (Table II; Rebers et al, 1999).…”

Section: Photosynthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Transcriptional Profiles Are Associated with Early Fruit Tissue Specialization in Tomato

et al. 2005

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The cell expansion phase contributes in determining the major characteristics of a fleshy fruit and represents two-thirds of the total fruit development in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). So far, it has received very little attention. To evaluate the interest of a genomic scale approach, we performed an initial sequencing of approximately 1,200 cell expansion stage-related sequence tags from tomato fruit at 8, 12, and 15 d post anthesis. Interestingly, up to approximately 35% of the expressed sequence tags showed no homology with available tomato expressed sequence tags and up to approximately 21% with any known gene. Microarrays spotted with expansion phase-related cDNAs and other fruit cDNAs involved in various developmental processes were used (1) to profile gene expression in developing fruit and other plant organs and (2) to compare two growing fruit tissues engaged mostly in cell division (exocarp) or in cell expansion (locular tissue surrounding the seeds). Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis was further used to confirm microarray results and to specify expression profiles of selected genes (24) in various tissues from expanding fruit. The wide range of genes expressed in the exocarp is consistent with a protective function and with a high metabolic activity of this tissue. In addition, our data show that the expansion of locular cells is concomitant with the expression of genes controlling water flow, organic acid synthesis, sugar storage, and photosynthesis and suggest that hormones (auxin and gibberellin) regulate this process. The data presented provide a basis for tissue-specific analyses of gene function in growing tomato fruit.After ovule fertilization, early tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit development is characterized by a period of cell division followed by cell expansion, resulting in the formation of large vacuolated cells (Mohr and Stein, 1969). Cell expansion is the longest phase in fruit development and may contribute to 90% of the increase in fruit weight, depending on the cultivar. In addition, cell expansion contributes, along with ripening, to the major structural, biochemical, and physiological changes that characterize a fleshy fruit. The cell wall changes associated with cell enlargement and the continuous accumulation in the vacuole of water, sugars, organic acids, and other compounds are necessary to maintain the turgor pressure of the expanding cells. In addition, these physiological processes contribute significantly to the flavor, texture, and overall attractiveness of the ripe fruit. The succession of the different phases of tomato fruit development is not, however, as clear cut as described above. It varies greatly according to the fruit tissue considered (Joubès et al., 1999). Tomato fruit is a complex organ composed of two or more carpels separated by a radially orientated tissue called septum, which results from the fusion of two adjacent carpel walls (or pericarp). The pericarp encloses the locular cavity containing the seeds attached to a central pa...

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“…To test that the same quantity of total RNA was added to each cDNA synthesis reaction and, hence, quantitative PCR, the pea 18s ribosomal RNA (rRNA) levels were utilized as before (Ozga et al, 2003). The coefficient of variation of the 18S rRNA threshold cycle among all the samples was low (less than 4%); therefore, the target amplicon mRNA values were not normalized to the 18S signal (Ozga et al, 2003).…”

Section: Plant Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biosynthesis of the Halogenated Auxin, 4-Chloroindole-3-Acetic Acid

et al. 2012

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Seeds of several agriculturally important legumes are rich sources of the only halogenated plant hormone, 4-chloroindole-3-acetic acid. However, the biosynthesis of this auxin is poorly understood. Here, we show that in pea (Pisum sativum) seeds, 4-chloroindole-3-acetic acid is synthesized via the novel intermediate 4-chloroindole-3-pyruvic acid, which is produced from 4-chlorotryptophan by two aminotransferases, TRYPTOPHAN AMINOTRANSFERASE RELATED1 and TRYPTOPHAN AMINOTRANSFERASE RELATED2. We characterize a tar2 mutant, obtained by Targeting Induced Local Lesions in Genomes, the seeds of which contain dramatically reduced 4-chloroindole-3-acetic acid levels as they mature. We also show that the widespread auxin, indole-3-acetic acid, is synthesized by a parallel pathway in pea.

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Pollination-, Development-, and Auxin-Specific Regulation of Gibberellin 3β-Hydroxylase Gene Expression in Pea Fruit and Seeds

Cited by 113 publications

References 26 publications

Localised and non-localised promotion of fruit development by seeds in Arabidopsis

Localised and non-localised promotion of fruit development by seeds in Arabidopsis

Changes in Transcriptional Profiles Are Associated with Early Fruit Tissue Specialization in Tomato

Biosynthesis of the Halogenated Auxin, 4-Chloroindole-3-Acetic Acid

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